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Idaho Pesticide Applicator License > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Acaricide

A

A pesticide used to control mites and ticks. This is synonymous with miticide.

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2
Q

Activator

A

An adjuvant added to a pesticide to increase its toxicity.

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3
Q

Adjuvant

A

The property of a substance to stick to a given surface

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4
Q

Adulterated Pesticide

A

A pesticide that does not conform to the professed standard or quality documented on its label or labeling.

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5
Q

Antagonism

A

The reduction of pesticide activity when two or more different pesticides are mixed together

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6
Q

Atropine (Atropine Sulfate)

A

n antidote used to treat organophosphate and carbamate poisoning.

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7
Q

Avicide

A

A chemical used to kill or repel birds

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8
Q

Band Application

A

Application of a pesticide or other material in or beside a crop row rather than over the entire field.

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9
Q

Biennial

A

A plant that completes its life cycle within two years

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10
Q

Biomagnification

A

The process whereby some organisms accumulate chemical residues in higher concentrations than those found in the organisms they consume.

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11
Q

Botanical Pesticide

A

A pesticide produced from chemicals found in plants. Ex: Nicotine, pyrethrum and strychnine.

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12
Q

Carbamates

A

A group of pesticides derived from carbamic acid that control insects similar to organophosphate insecticides. Carbate chemistry also includes fungicides.

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13
Q

Chemigation

A

The application of fertilizers or pesticides to soil or plants by inclusion in an irrigation system.

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14
Q

CHEMTREC

A

The Chemical Transportation Emergency Center that has a toll free number to provide 24 hour information for chemical emergencies such as a spill, leak, fire or accident.

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15
Q

Chemosterilant

A

A chemical compound capable of preventing animal reproduction.

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16
Q

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon

A

First synthetic insecticide developed: contains chlorine, carbon and hydrogen in its molecular structure. Many are persistent in the environment. EX: Cholrdane, DDT, methoxychlor

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17
Q

Cholinesterase

A

A chemical catalyst (enzyme) found in animals that regulates the activity of nerve impulses.

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18
Q

Curative pesticide

A

A pesticide that can inhibit or kill a disease causing organism after it is established in the plant or animal.

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19
Q

Dessicant

A

A chemical that promotes drying or loss of moisture from a leaf or plant.

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20
Q

DLI

A

Idaho Department of Labor and Industries

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21
Q

DOE

A

Idaho Department of Ecology

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22
Q

EIL (Economic Injury Level)

A

The economic break-even point; the number of pests that cause crop damage exactly equal to the cost of pest control.

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23
Q

ET (Economis Threshold)

A

AKA action threshold. The designated time to initiate control options (actions) to prevent the pest population from exceeding the EIL. Generally ET is prior to EIL..

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24
Q

Emulsion

A

A mixture of two liquids that are not soluble in one another. One is suspended as very small droplets in the other with the aid of an emulsifying agent. EX: oil and water.

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25
Emulsifying agent (emulsifier)
A chemical that aids in the suspension of one liquid in another that normally would not mix together.
26
Emulsifiable concentrate
A pesticide formulation produced by dissolving the active ingredient and an emulsifying agent in a suitable solvent. When added to water, a milky emulsion forms.
27
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
The federal agency responsible for implementing pesticide regulations across the US. Also the agency responsible for and registering pesticide products.
28
Eradicant
A chemical or other agent (Steam, heat) used to eliminate n established pest from a plant, animal or specific area (soil, water, buildings).
29
Fetotoxic
The ability of a substance to cause harm to a developing fetus, but not necessarily cause deformities.
30
FIFRA
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. A federal law dealing with pesticide regulations and use.
31
Frill and Hatchet Applicaitons
Applications of herbicides made to pest trees after the tree has been cut or frilled by a hatchet. This application applies herbicide directly to the cambium to kill pest tree.
32
Fungistatic Agent
A chemical that prevents the germination of fungus spores or the growth of mycelium, but does not kill the fungus.
33
Furrow treatment
Application of pesticide in a strip directly over the row of seeds. Usually done at planting.
34
Granule
A dry pesticide formulation. The active ingredient is either mixed with or coated onto an inert carrier to form a small, ready to use, low concentrate particle that does not normally present a drift hazard. Pellets differ from granules only in their precise uniformity, size and shape.
35
Hemotoxic
The ability of a substance or agent to cause blood disorders.
36
Low Pressure Hydraulic Sparyers
More suited for foliar applications or similar application where high volume application and complete coverage is not necessary.
37
High Pressure Hydraulic Sparyers
More suited to insecticide and fungicide applications where coverage and sufficient volume of application is necessary for good pest control.
38
Hydrolysis
Breakdown of a chemical in the presence of water.
39
Inorganic Pesticide
Pesticide products that do not contain carbon. They are mineral based containing arsenic, copper, boron, mercury, sulfur, tin or zinc.
40
Inoculum
That portion of the pathogen that can cause disease in a host.
41
LC50
The concentration of a pesticide, usually in air or water, that can kill 50 percent of a test population of animals when ingested or absorbed through the skin. LC 50 is usually expressed in parts per million (ppm). The lower the LC 50 value, the more acutely toxic the chemical.
42
LD50
The dose or amount of pesticide that can kill 50 percent of the test animals when ingested or absorbed through the skin. LD 50 is expressed in milligrams of chemical per kilogram of body weight of the test animal (mg/kg). The lower the LD 50 the more acutely toxic the chemical.
43
Managed Pollinator Protection Plan (MP3)
A state level plan to provide assistance and coordination to responsible agencies, organizations, growers and beekeepers for the protection of insect pollinators.
44
Miscible Liquids
Two or more liquids that can be mixed and will remain mixed under conditions. Water and ethyl alcohol are miscible; water and oil are not.
45
Miticide
A pesticide used to control mites; synonymous with acaricide
46
Molluscide
A chemical used to control mollusks, such as snails and slugs
47
Mutagenic
The ability of a substance or agent to cause genetic changes in living cells.
48
Mycelium
The mass of filaments that forms the body of a fungus
49
Mycoplasma
A micoorganism possessing many virus like properties. Some cause plant diseases.
50
Nematodes
Microscopic, non-segmented worm like animals that live as saprophytes or parasites. Many cause diseases of plants or animals.
51
Oncegenic
The property to produce tumors (not necessarily cancerous) in living tissue.
52
Organic Pesticides
Pesticide products that contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and other elements and are not mineral in origin.
53
Organophosphates
A large group of pesticides that contain the element phosphorus. Most are nonpersistent insecticides/miticides. The toxicity of these pesticides range from highly toxic to slightly toxic. (Examples: malathion, parathion, diazinon).
54
Ovicide
A material that kills eggs
55
Penetrant
An adjuvant added to a spray mixture to enhance the absorption of a pesticide
56
Perennial
A plant that lives for more than two years.
57
Pesticide Safety Education Programs (PSEP)
Educational programs that are conducted by the University of Idaho Cooperative Extension or ISDA to train pesticide applicators to become licensed or to maintain their licenses.
58
Phytotoxic
Toxic to plants
59
Piscicide
A chemical to control pest fish.
60
Potentiation
Occurs when a pesticide becomes significantly more toxic after combining with another pesticide.
61
PPM
Parts per million. A means to express the amount of chemical in or on food, plants, animals, water, soil or air. One part per million equals 1 pound per 500 tons. PPB is parts per billion.
62
Precipitate
A solid substance taht forms in a liquid and settles to the bottom of a container, a materrial that no longer remains in suspension.
63
RCRA
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The federal law regulating the transport, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes.
64
Safener
An adjuvant used to reduce the phytotoxic effects of a pesticide.
65
Saprophyte
An organism that obtains its food from dead or decaying organic matter.
66
Section 18 Exemption
AKA Emergency exemption. Granted by the US EPA o control a specific pest under emergency situations where there is no alternative method of control available.
67
Section 3 Registration
Registration of a pesticide product through the US EPA that provides for a Federal Registration. The process takes many years and extensive data to complete.
68
Section 24 (c) Registration
AKA Specific Local Needs (SLN) registration. Registration granted to control specific pest(s) localized in a specific area.
69
Serial Application
The application of one pesticide immediately or shortly after the application of another.
70
Silvicide
An herbicide used to destroy brush and trees, such as in wooded areas.
71
Slurry
A thick suspension of a pesticide made from a wettable powder and water.
72
Solvent
A liquid such as water, oil or alcohol that will dissolve another substance ( solid, liquid or gas) into a solution.
73
Surfactant
A component of many adjuvants that improves the spreading, dispersing and/or wetting properties of a pesticide mixture.
74
Syenergism
When the effect of two or more pesticides applied together is greater than the sum of the individual pesticides applied separately. Ex: Pesticide X kills 40 percent of an insect population and Pesticide Y kills 20 percent. When applied together X and Y kill 95 percent.
75
Teratogenic
The property of a substance or agent able to produce abnormalities or defects in living human or animal embryos and fetuses. These defects are not usually inheritable.
76
Ultra Low Volume (ULV)
Sprays that are applied at 0.5 gallons or less per acre or sprays applied as the undiluted formulation.
77
Vector
An animal (insect, nematode, mite) or plant (dodder) that can carry and transmit a pathogen from one host to the next.
78
Volatility
The degree to which a substance changes from a liquid or solid state to a gas at ordinary temperatures when exposed to air.

Idaho Pesticide Applicator License (1 decks)

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