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9. PSYCHIATRY > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Abstract thinking

A

characterised almost exclusively by cognitive abstractations, rather than immediate sensory experience

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2
Q

Acrophobia

A

Fear of heights

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3
Q

Affect

A

Pattern of observable behaviours which is the expression of a subjectively experienced feeling state (emotion) and is variable over time in response to changing emotional states

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4
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in places or situations in which escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or in which help may not be available should a panic attach occur

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5
Q

Alexithymic

A

Relatively undifferentiated emotions (unable to identify or express emotion), and thinking tends to dwell excessively on the mundane. Detached, and may seem to dissociate.

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6
Q

Anhedonic

A

Inability to enjoy anything, even things once enjoyed

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7
Q

Anosognosia

A

Ignorance of presence of disease, specifically paralysis

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8
Q

Astereognosia

A

Inability to recognise common objects by touch

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9
Q

Autistic thinking

A

Abnormal absorption with the self, marked by interpersonal communication difficulties, a short attention span, and inability to treat others as people

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10
Q

Automatism

A

Refers to activity performed without conscious awareness, and usually followed by complete amnesia

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11
Q

Autotopagnosia

A

Condition where one cannot identify or describe their own body parts, individuals can dress themselves appropriately and use their body normally, but they cannot talk about their bodies

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12
Q

BAC

A

Blood alcohol concentration

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13
Q

Bizarre delusion

A

Delusion that involves a phenomenon that the person’s culture would regard as totally implausible

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14
Q

Blocking

A

Repeated and abrupt halt to speech as a result of losing one’s train of thought

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15
Q

Catalepsy

A

Trancelike state with loss of voluntary motion and failure to react to stimuli

Wiki: nervous condition characterised by muscular rigidity and fixity of posture regardless of external stimuli, as well as decreased sensitivity to pain. Symptoms include: rigid body, rigid limbs, limbs staying in same position when moved (waxy flexibility), no response, loss of muscle control, and slowing down of bodily functions, such as breathing. Symptom of conditions such as Parkinson’s + epilepsy. Also a characteristic symptom of cocaine withdrawal, as well as one of the features of catatonia. It can be caused by schizophrenia treatment with anti-psychotics such as haloperidol and by ketamine.

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16
Q

Cataplexy

A

sudden, dramatic decrement in muscle tone + loss of deep reflexes that leads to muscle weakness, paralysis or postural collapse, usually caused by outburst of emotion, laughter, startle or sudden physical exercise – one of symptoms of narcolepsy.

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17
Q

Cerea Flexibilitas

A

Waxy flexibility in which a limb remains where placed, often seen in catatonia

Wiki: waxy flexibility is a psychomotor symptom of catatonia as associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other mental disorders - leads to a decreased response to stimuli and a tendency to remain in an immobile posture. Attempts to reposition the pt are met by “slight, even resistance”, and after being repositioned, the patient will typically remain in the new position. Waxy flexibility rarely occurs in cases of delirium. The presence of waxy flexibility along with at least two other catatonic symptoms such as stupor or negativism are enough to warrant a diagnosis of catatonia.

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18
Q

Circumstantiality

A

Slowed thinking incorporating unnecessary trivial details, eventually the goal of the thought is reached

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19
Q

Clang association

A

Speech in which words are chosen because of their sounds rather than their meanings

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20
Q

Claustrophobia

A

Feat of being trapped in confined spaces

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21
Q

Coma vigil

A

Awake, but without conscious awareness - vegetative state where can open eyelids occasionally and demonstrate sleep-wake cycles, also completely lack cognitive function

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22
Q

Compulsion catatonia

A

Muscular rigidity, tendency to remain in a fixed stupurous state for long periods, catatonia may give way to short periods of extreme excitement

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23
Q

Concrete thinking

A

Thinking characterised almost exclusively by immediate sensory experience, rather than cognitive abstractions

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24
Q

Condensation

A

Speech in which 2 or more separate concepts are not differentiated

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25
Confabulation
Plausible but imagined memory that fills in gaps in what is remembered
26
Control Delusion
Belief that one's thoughts or actions were under some outside control
27
Deja entendu
Subjectively inappropriate impression of familiarity of something just heard with an undefined memory of same
28
Deja pense
Subjectively inappropriate impression of familiarity of something just thought with an undefined memory of same
29
Deja vu
Subjectively inappropriate impression of a present experience with an undefined past
30
Depersonalisation
Loss of contact with one's personal reality, detachment from self
31
Derailment
Pattern of speech in which a person's ideas slip off one track onto another that is completely unrelated (loose associations, knights move)
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Derealisation
Feelings of unreality of strangeness
33
Dereism
Loss of connection with reality and logic, where thoughts become private and idiosyncratic (odd or peculiar)
34
Dysarthria
Difficulty producing speech
35
Dysphoric
Feeling unwell or unhappy
36
Dysprodosy
Speech impairment characterised by loss of control of intonation and rhythm
37
Echolalia
Repetition or echoing of verbal utterances made by another person
38
Echopraxia
Involuntarily imitation, the movements of another. Also known as echomotism
39
Ecstatic
Sensation of being carried away by overwhelming delight
40
Egomania
Preoccupation with oneself
41
Eidetic images
Ability to retain accurate, detailed visual image of complex scene or pattern (photographic memory)
42
Erotomania
Excessive sexual desire or exaggerated beliefs in one's sexual conquests or ability
43
Euphoric
Exaggerated feeling of wellbeing or elation
44
Euthymic
Mood in normal range, neither depressed or elevated
45
Fausse reconnaissance
Delusional (false) recognition of persons or places
46
Flight of ideas
Speech consists of a stream of accelerated thoughts with abrupt changes from topic to topic and no central direction
47
Folie a deux
Sharing of a fantasy by two closely associated friends
48
Formal thought disorder
Disturbance in the form of thinking rather than an abnormality of content
49
Fugue
Condition in which an individual suddenly abandons a present activity of lifestyle and starts a new and different one for a period of time
50
Garrulous
Given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk, tiresomely talkative
51
Global aphasia
Loss of all ability to communicate
52
Glossolalia
Fabricated, meaningless speech
53
Gustatory hallucination
Hallucination of taste
54
Halitosis
Bad breath
55
Hallucinosis
Mental state in which person has continuous hallucinations
56
Hypermnesia
Extreme power of memory, capacity for immediate registration and precise recall of much more detail than is thought possible under ordinary circumstances
57
Hypnagogic Hallucination
Threatening hallucinations at the moment of falling asleep
58
Hypnopompic Hallucination
Threatening hallucinations at moment of waking
59
Hypochondria
Abnormal anxiety about one's health, persistent neurotic conviction that one is or is likely to become ill
60
Hysterical anaesthesia
Sensory loss due to a mental state
61
Infidelity Delusion
Belief that one's partner is sexually unfaithful
62
Jamais vu
Experience of being unfamiliar with a person or situation that is actually very familiar
63
Jargon aphasia
Incoherent, meaningless speech
64
Labile
Repeated and rapid shifts from one extreme to another
65
Lilliputian hallucination
Hallucination that people or objects are smaller than they are
66
Loosening
Speech characterised by slipping from one train of thought to another, loosely related train of thought
67
Macropsia
Seeing everything in field of view as larger than it really is
68
Magical thinking
Belief that one's thoughts, words or actions will cause or prevent a specific outcome in some way that defies commonly understood laws of nature
69
Micropsia
Seeing everything in the field of view as smaller than it really is
70
Monomania
Preoccupation with a single object
71
Mood-congruent hallucination
Hallucination where content is mood appropriate
72
Mood-incongruent hallucinations
Hallucination in which content is not mood appropriate
73
Motor aphasia
Condition in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired
74
Multiple personality
2 or more distinct personalities alternately prevail in the same person
75
Mutism
Unable or unwilling to speak
76
Negativism
Opposition or resistance, either covert or overt, to outside suggestions or advise
77
Neologism
Newly made up word, or an everyday word used in an idiosyncractic way
78
Nihilistic delusion
Delusion of non-existence of the self, or part of the self
79
Noesis
Belief that one has a divine calling
80
Obsession
A recurrent and persistent thought, impulse or image
81
Overvalued idea
Unreasonable and sustained belief that is maintained with less than delusional intensity
82
Paramnesia
False recollection of events that have never occurred
83
Preservation
Mental operations carry on past the point that they serve a function e.g. what day is it? Monday, what time is Monday?
84
Poverty of content
Speech that conveys little information because it is vague or baron
85
Poverty of speech
Less speech than normal
86
Poverty of thought
Speech that conveys little information because of vagueness, empty repetitions, or stereo-typed or obscure phrases
87
Prosopagnosia
Inability to recognise familiar faces, although they react physiologically as if they do recognise the person
88
Pseudodementia
Severe form of depression in which cognitive changes mimic those of dementia
89
Pseudologia fantastica
Grossly exaggerating medical symptoms or personal details
90
Psychomotor agitation
Describes a morbid increase in action or movement presumed to result from psychic rather than physical (organic) disturbance
91
Reality testing
Lack of ability to evaluate the external world objectively and to differentiate adequately between it and the internal world
92
Referntial delusion
Delusion centred on the idea that events, objects, or other persons in environment have a particular and unusual significance
93
Retrospective falsification
Person changes the reporting of past events, or now has only selective memory of what was more fully remembered previously
94
Sensory aphasia
Condition characterised by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability to understand spoken or written words
95
Somatic delusion
Delusion whose main content pertains to the appearance or functioning of one's own body
96
Somatic hallucation
Hallucination involving the sensation of being strangled, feeling that insects are crawling beneath the skin, or feelings of sexual stimulation
97
Somnolence
Very sleepy state
98
Synesthesia hallucinations
Hallucination of a sense other than the one being stimulated e.g. a sound may evoke sensations of colour
99
Syntactical aphasia
Difficulty in arranging words in their correct sequence
100
Systematised delusion
Single false belief with multiple elaborations or a group of false beliefs that the person relates to a single event or theme
101
Taciturn hallucination
Hallucination of touch
102
Tactiturn
Habitually untalktative
103
Tangentiality
Replying to a question in an oblique or irrelevant way
104
Thought broadcasting
Belief that one's thoughts are being broadcast out loud so that they can be perceived by others
105
Thought insertion
Belief that certain of one's thoughts are not one's own, but are inserted into one's mind
106
Thought withdrawal
Belief that one would like to think a thought, but someone or something has removed the thought
107
Tic
Part of the body moves repeatedly, quickly, suddenly, and uncontrollably
108
Trailing hallucinations
Hallucination that moving objects are seen as series of discrete discontinuous images
109
Trend of thought
Thinking with a tendency toward or centring on a particular idea with a particular effect
110
Unio mystica
Belief that one has a unity or union by secret rites, more generally, the unity or union in the spirit of an individual with that of the Supreme Being or some other superior or leader
111
Verbigerative
Involuntary repeating of certain words and/or phrases
112
Visual agnosia
Inability to recognise common objects by sight
113
Voluble
Dominates conversation with a ready flow of speech
114
Word salad
Speech that is an incoherent and incomprehensible mix of words and phrases
115
Xenophobia
Fear of strangers or foreigners
116
Zoophobia
Fear of animals
117
Egosyntonic
Behaviours, values, and feelings that are in harmony with or acceptable to the needs and goals of the ego, or consistent with one's ideal self-image Obsessive compulsive personality disorder is egosyntonic, as the patient generally perceives their obsession with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, as reasonable and even desirable.
118
Egodystonic
thoughts and behaviours (dreams, compulsions, desires, etc.) that are in conflict, or dissonant, with the needs and goals of the ego, or, further, in conflict with a person's ideal self-image OCD is considered to be egodystonic as the thoughts and compulsions experienced or expressed are not consistent with the individual's self-perception, meaning the patient realises the obsessions are unreasonable and are often distressed by their obsessions.
119
Most common thought form disorders
Circumstantiality, derailment, flight of ideas, illogicality, incoherence, loose associations, perseveration, tangentiality.
120
Most common thought content disorders
Delusions of various types (e.g. persecutory, grandiose, referential). Derealisation and depersonalisation are another type of abnormal thought content that refer to dissociative experiences.[10] Intrusive thoughts also are examples of altered thought content. The patient experience involuntary obsessional thoughts, images, or unpleasant ideas that are egodystonic.
121
Akathisia
Akathisia is a sense of inner restlessness and inability to keep still This is a typical history of akathisia- long history of anti-psychotic use (due to schizophrenia), with a sense of restlessness and inability to sit still. extra-pyramidal side effect of antipsychotics
122
Acute dystonia
Acute dystonia is typically spasm of facial muscles e.g. torticollis - wry neck oculogyric crisis - prolonged upward deviation of eyes extra-pyramidal side effect of antipsychotics
123
Tardive dyskinesia
abnormal involuntary movements like licking lips extra-pyramidal side effect of antipsychotics
124
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Potentially fatal side effect of all antipsychotics Neuroleptic malignant syndrome would be rare in someone who is long established on anti-psychotics but would present with hyperthermia and muscle rigidity.
125
Thought echo
A form of auditory hallucination, associated with schizophrenia, in which the patient hears his/her thoughts spoken aloud.

9. PSYCHIATRY (10 decks)

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