Glossary

Question 1

Define drug target

Answer 1

Specific molecule to which drug binds to produce effect (usually protein)

Rs, ion channels, enzymes, transporters, TFs, adhesion molecules, structural elements, D/RNA

Question 2

Define bilogics

Answer 2

Larger pharmaceutical molecules produced in a living system

Question 3

Proteomics

Answer 3

Cell function studied by measuring protein expression, activity + interactions

Question 4

Define taget validation

Answer 4

Process by which predicted target is verified

Question 5

Define target exploitation

Answer 5

Process by which validated target is assessed

Question 6

Define assay

Answer 6

Test system for measuring biological activity of target

R/Enz/functional activity

Question 7

Define screen

Answer 7

Experimental system for evaluating the activity of test compounds

inhibition at R/Enz, functional modulation

Question 8

Orphan receptors

Answer 8

Genetically identified receptors with no known ligand

Question 9

Reporter gene

Answer 9

Labelled gene attached to regulatory sequence of another gene of interest

Question 10

Knockout

Answer 10

Gene expression prevented

Question 11

Knock in

Answer 11

cDNA coding for particular protein inserted into genome

Question 12

Conditional knock out

Answer 12

Time or tissue specific

Question 13

CRISPR

Answer 13

Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats- prokaryote immune system component used to edit mammalian genes

Question 14

Bio pharmaceuticals

Answer 14

Biologics

Question 15

Azoles

Answer 15

antifungal- inhibit ergosterol synthesis

Question 16

Polyenes

Answer 16

antifungal- bind resident ergosterol (faster)

Question 17

Echinocandins

Answer 17

Inhibit CW synthesis- only new drug class in 10 years

Question 18

Agonist

Answer 18

Molecule which interacts with receptor to produce response

Question 19

Affinity

Answer 19

Capacity to bind

Question 20

Efficacy

Answer 20

Capacity to excite

Question 21

Spare receptors

Answer 21

Maximal response with less than maximal occupancy (property of agonist AND tissue)

Question 22

Partial agonist

Answer 22

Sub maximal response with full occupancy/ low efficacy activity despite high affinity-

have affinity to inactive as well as active

Question 23

Constitutively active receptors

Answer 23

Active w/o ligand bound

Question 24

Inverse agonists

Answer 24

Reduce levels of constitutive activation

Question 25

Ligand bias

Answer 25

Bias towards one parallel signalling pathway over another