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N5 Chemistry > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

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2
Q

Addition Polymerisation

A

The reaction between many small, unsaturated molecules (monomers) to form one large molecule (a polymer) and nothing else

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3
Q

Alcohol

A

A compound containing an -OH group

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4
Q

Alkali

A

A soluble base that produces hydroxide ions (OH^-) when dissolved in water

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5
Q

Alkanes

A

A family of hydrocarbons where all the members are saturated and have the general formula CnH2n

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6
Q

Alkenes

A

A family of hydrocarbons where all the members are unsaturated, they contain one carbon-to-carbon double bond and have the general formula CnH2n

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7
Q

Alpha

A

A charged particle consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons emitted by some radioisotopes. It is identical to a helium nucleus and is represented as 4/2He

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8
Q

Atom

A

The smallest quantity of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

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9
Q

Atomic Lattice

A

A large three-dimensional arrangement of atoms held together by covalent bonds

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10
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

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11
Q

Base

A

A substance that will neutralise an acid

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12
Q

Battery

A

A series of chemical cells joined together (often the words cell and battery are used interchangeably)

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13
Q

Beta

A

Charged particle consisting of a single electron emitted from the nucleus of some radioisotopes

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14
Q

Biodegradable

A

Able to ro away by natural biological processes

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15
Q

Burette

A

A graduated piece of apparatus used to measure accurately the volume of liquid or solution dispensed during an experiment

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16
Q

Calorimeter

A

Equipment used to measure the energy released in a chemical reaction

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17
Q

Carboxylic Acid

A

An acidic compound that contains the carboxyl group

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18
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that will speed up a chemical reaction but is not used up during the process

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19
Q

Cell

A

In a chemical cell chemical energy is converted into electrical energy

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20
Q

Ceramic

A

A compound of a metal and non-metal that has gained certain properties by being heated and then cooled

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21
Q

Compound

A

A substance made up of two or more elements chemically joined

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22
Q

Concentration

A

A measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solvent, measured in Mol/L

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23
Q

Condensation Polymerisation

A

A reaction in which many small monometer molecules join to form one large polymer molecule with water or some other small molecule, formed at the same time

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24
Q

Condensation Reaction

A

One in which two or more molecules join to produce a single larger molecule with water or another small molecules produced at the same time

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25
Q

Covalent Bond

A

A shared pair of electrons between two non-metal atoms

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26
Q

Covalent Network

A

A giant network of non-metal atoms held together by covalent bonds

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27
Q

Cycloalkanes

A

A family of hydrocarbons where all the members are saturated and have the general formula CnH2n

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28
Q

Dilution

A

Addition of more solvent to a solution to decrease its concentration

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29
Q

Dissociation

A

A process in which compounds separate into oppositely charged ions

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30
Q

Electrochemical Series (ECS)

A

A list of metals (and hydrogen) in order of their ability to lose electrons and form ion in solution

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31
Q

Electrolyte

A

A compound that conducts owing to the movement of ions either when dissolved in water or melted

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32
Q

Electron

A

A negatively charged particle with a relative mass of zero, which orbits the nucleus of an atom

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33
Q

Element

A

A substance that consists of atoms with the same number of protons in their nuclei

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34
Q

Endothermic Reaction

A

A reaction in which energy is taken in from the surroundings

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35
Q

Enzyme

A

Biological catalysts

36
Q

Ester

A

A fruity smelling compound used in fragrances flavourings and as a solvent. It is formed by reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid

37
Q

Exothermic Reaction

A

A reaction in which energy is realised to the surroundings

38
Q

Feedstock

A

A substance obtained from a raw material which is then used to manufacture another substance

39
Q

Gamma

A

High frequency, and high energy, electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive substances

40
Q

Group Ion

A

A charged particle that contains more than one type of atom eg. permanganate

41
Q

Half-Life

A

The time in which the activity of a radioisotope decays by half, or in which half of its atoms disintegrate

42
Q

Homologous Series

A

A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties that show a gradual change in physical properties. The alkanes are an example of a homologous series

43
Q

Hydration

A

An addition reaction where water is added across a double bond

44
Q

Hydrogenation

A

An addition reaction where hydrogen is added across a double bond

45
Q

Indicator

A

A substance whose colour changes depending on pH

46
Q

Ion

A

A charged particle

47
Q

Ion-electron Equation

A

Equation that shows either the loss of electrons (oxidation) or the gain of electrons (reduction)

48
Q

Ionic Bond

A

The electrostatic force of attraction between positive ions and negative ions

49
Q

Ionic Lattice

A

A large arrangement of ions held together by ionic bonds

50
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

51
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

52
Q

Macroscopic

A

Large enough to be seen or examined by the unaided eye

53
Q

Malleable

A

A physical property of metals. A malleable material can be shaped by hammering or rolling

54
Q

Mass Number

A

Equal to the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom or ion

55
Q

Metallic Bonding

A

Each atom in the metal element loses its outer electrons to form positive ions. These ions pack together in a regular crystalline arrangement and the free (delocalised) electrons move freely through the structure. The electrostatic attraction of the positive ions for the delocalised electrons binds the ions together and is called metallic bonding

56
Q

Mole

A

The relative atomic mass of an element expressed in grams (twice the RAM for diatomic elements), the relative formula mass of a compound expressed in grams

57
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

58
Q

Molten

A

Describes a liquid formed by melting a solid

59
Q

Monomers

A

Relatively small molecules that can join together to produce a very large molecule (a polymer) by a process called polymerisation

60
Q

Neutralisation

A

A reaction in which the pH moves towards 7

61
Q

Neutron

A

A neutral particle with a relative mass of 1 found in the nucleus of an atom

62
Q

Nuclear Fission

A

Splitting nuclei by bombarding them with slow-moving neutrons

63
Q

Nuclear Fusion

A

Light nuclei combining to form heavier nuclei and producing a lot of energy

64
Q

Nucleus

A

The positively charged centre of an atom which contains the neutron and protons

65
Q

Oxidation Reaction

A

One in which electrons are lost or oxygen is gained

66
Q

pH

A

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is

67
Q

Phenyl Group

A

A group of carbon and hydrogen atoms formula C6H5

68
Q

Pickling

A

A method used to keep food from spoiling. It involves storing the food in vinegar, which contains ethnoic acid, to stop bacteria and fungi growing

69
Q

Piezoelectric

A

Crystals that acquire an electrical charge when twisted, distorted, compressed or put under any mechanical stress are said to be Piezoelectric

70
Q

Pipette

A

A piece of apparatus used to measure a specific volume of liquid or solution

71
Q

Polymer

A

A very large molecule formed by the joining together of many smaller molecules (monomers)

72
Q

Proton

A

A positively charged particle with a relative mass of 1 found in the nucleus of an atom

73
Q

Radioisotopes

A

Atoms that emit radiation because their nuclei are unstable. Alpha, Beta, Gamma may be emitted

74
Q

Rate

A

A measure of how quickly a chemical reaction is prgressing

75
Q

Reducing Agent

A

A substance that gives electrons away to another substance or that removes oxygen from it

76
Q

Reduction

A

A process in which electrons are gained or oxygen is lost

77
Q

Relative Atomic Mass (RAM)

A

The average mass of the isotopes of an element

78
Q

Relative Formula Mass (RFM)

A

The sum of the relative atomic masses of all the elements in a compound

79
Q

Saturated

A

A compound that cannot have any more atoms added to it. All the bonds are single

80
Q

Spectator ion

A

An ion that is present as both a reactant and a product in a chemical equation. Spectator ions take no part in the reaction

81
Q

Systematic Name

A

The chemical name for a compound, obtained by following a set of prescribed rules

82
Q

Tetrahedral

A

A tetrahedral molecule has a central atom bonded to four other atoms that are positioned at the corners of a regular tetrahedron

83
Q

Thermoplastic

A

A plastic that softens on heating and can be reshaped

84
Q

Titration

A

An experiment that will accurately measure the volume of liquid or solution required for a particular reaction

85
Q

Unsaturated

A

A compound that can have more atoms added to it. It will contain at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond

86
Q

Valency

A

The number of bonds that an atom or ion can form

87
Q

Variable

A

A factor that can be changed in a chemical reaction that will affect the rate

N5 Chemistry (2 decks)

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