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PHLEB > glossary > Flashcards

glossary Flashcards

1
Q

ABG (arterial blood gas)

A
  • test that analyzes arterial blood for oxygen, CO2, bicarbonate, pH
  • determine effectiveness of respiration
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2
Q

Accession number

A

unique number given for each test request

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3
Q

AFP

A
  • alpha fetoprotein
  • normally found in human fetus
  • abnormal levels may indicate neural tube defect
  • test performed on maternal serum
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4
Q

Aliquot

A
  • when a specimen is collected, it may need to be divided to run several tests on it
  • fraction of specimen
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5
Q

Antisepsis

A

-practice of using antiseptics to eliminate the microorganisms that cause disease

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6
Q

Arrhythmia

A
  • abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart
  • bradycardia (too slow)
  • tachycardia (too fast)
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7
Q

ASAP

A

as soon as possible

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8
Q

Asepsis

A

-state of being free from disease-causing contaminants

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9
Q

Aseptic

A

-absence of microogansims

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10
Q

Autologous Blood Transfusion

A
  • intraoperative blood salvage
  • medical procedure involving recovering blood lost during surgery
  • reinfusing blood into patient
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11
Q

basilic vein

A
  • inner side of biceps

- often chosen for intravenous injections + blood drawing

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12
Q

Battery

A

-basis of tort in this case is the unprivileged touching of one person by another

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13
Q

Bleeding time

A
  • test done to ascertain platelet function

- aspirin will affect bleeding time results

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14
Q

Blood Clot

A
  • conversion of blood from liquid to solid through process of coagulation
  • thrombus is a clot
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15
Q

Blood born infection

A

infection transmitted blood to blood

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16
Q

Butterfly

A
  • small needle with 2 plastic wings

- usually 23 gauge

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17
Q

CDC

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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18
Q

Chain of Custody

A

-tracking each individual who had access/possession of a sample

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19
Q

Circulation

A

-movement of fluid in regular/circuitous course

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20
Q

Citrate

A
  • compound that is an intermediate in the Krebs cycle
  • citrate binds to calcium ions preventing blood clotting
  • effective anticoagulant
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21
Q

Coagulant factors

A

-group of plasma protein substances contained in plasma which act together to bring about blood coagulation

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22
Q

CBC

A
  • complete blood count

- number of RBCs, WBCs, platelets

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23
Q

Contamination

A

-soiling/pollution by inferior material

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24
Q

Coumadin

A

trademark for the preparation of warfarin sodium

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25
Q

Cyanotic

A

-bluish skin color due to lack of oxygen

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26
Q

Cystitis

A
  • inflammation of the urinary bladder

- often caused by infection

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27
Q

Defamation of Character

A

-injury to another person’s reputation

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28
Q

Diaphoretic

A
  • formation of profuse perspiration

- symptom of syncope

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29
Q

Differential

A
  • count made on stained blood smear of proportion of different leukocytes (WBCs)
  • part of a CBC
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30
Q

Diurnal Variations

A
  • measuring of a body’s ability to metabolize certain substances
  • monitoring changes in patient’s condition within 24hr period
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31
Q

-DNR

A
  • do not resuscitate
  • no codes should be called for this patient
  • no heroic measures should be taken
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32
Q

Ecchymosis

A

-skin discoloration caused by a bruise (contusion)

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33
Q

EDTA

A
  • calcium binding agent

- used as anticoagulant

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34
Q

Electrolyte

A
  • substance that will acquire the capacity to conduct electricity when put into solution
  • sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium
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35
Q

EMLA

A
  • Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic

- usually topical spray that briefly anesthetizes skin prior to puncture

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36
Q

Embolus

A
  • sudden blockage of a blood vessel by a clot
  • EX: dtached blood clot, clump of bacteria
  • contrast to thrombus
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37
Q

Ethanol

A

another name for alcohol in blood testing

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38
Q

Fibrillation

A
  • Rapid, inefficient contraction of muscle fibers of heart

- caused by disruption of nerve impulses

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39
Q

Fibrin

A

-protein formed during normal blood clotting that is the essence of the clot

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40
Q

Fibrin Strands

A
  • formed in a centrifuged blood sample

- when blood wasn’t allowed to clot for at least 30 min before

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41
Q

Fibrinogen

A

-protein from which fibrin is formed in normal blood clotting

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42
Q

Flash

A
  • appearance of small amount of blood in neck of syringe/tubing of butterfly
  • sign that vein has been properly accessed
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43
Q

Fahrenheit/Celsius

A 
C = (F-32) x 5/9
F = (Cx9/5) + 32
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44
Q

Fomite

A

-inanimate object that transports microorganisms

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45
Q

Formed Elements

A

-RBCs, WBCs, Platelets

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46
Q

Galactosemia

A
  • rare genetic metabolic disorder

- affects ability to metabolize sugar galactose properly

47
Q

Gauge

A
  • needle diameter
  • larger the diameter, smaller the gauge
  • 16 hemodialysis
  • 23 butterfly
48
Q

Germicide

A

-an agent that kills pathogenic microorganisms

49
Q

Good Samaritan Law

A
  • rendering of first aid by healthcare professionals at scene of accident/sudden injury
  • encourages professionals to provide care within scope of their training without fear of being sued for negligence
50
Q

glucose

A
  • sugar measured in blood + urine specimens

- determine presence of diabetes

51
Q

Glucose Meter/Glucometer

A

-device that individuals with Diabetes use to measure the amount of sugar in their blood stream

52
Q

Gram

A

-basic unit of weight

53
Q

Heparin

A
  • anticoagulant that acts to inhibit a number of coagulation factors, eXa
  • formed in liver
54
Q

Hepatitis D Virus

A
  • usually acquired with HBV as co-infection/super infection

- jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain

55
Q

Hematocrit

A
  • ratio of total RBC volume to the total blood volume

- expressed as percentage

56
Q

Hematoma

A
  • localized collection of blood within tissue
  • leakage from wall of blood vessel
  • ecchymosis
57
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in the urine

58
Q

Hemoconcentration

A
  • decrease in fluid content of the blood plasma

- caused by leaving the tourniquet on too long

59
Q

Hemoglobin

A

-oxygen carrying pigment of RBCs

60
Q

Hemoglobinuria

A

-excretion of free hemoglobin in the urine

61
Q

Hemolyze/Hemolysis

A
  • breaking of RBC membrane
  • releasing free hemoglobin into circulating blood
  • usually result of using smaller needle than should have been used
62
Q

HIPAA

A
  • federal health insurance portability and accountability act
  • protect confidentiality
63
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

-abnormally high blood sugar level

64
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

-abnormally low blood sugar level

65
Q

Iatrogenic Anemia

A

-type of anemia in which patients blood marrow stops making new RBCs

66
Q

Impermeable

A

doesn’t allow passage of liquids

67
Q

Indirect Infection

A

-an infection transmitted through body fluids to blood

68
Q

Informed Consent

A

-giving patient adequate info concerning method, risk, consequences for specific procedure

69
Q

Invasion of Privacy

A

-release of medical records without patient’s knowledge/permission

70
Q

Latrogenic

A
  • refers to any effect on a person

- resulting from any activity of one or more persons acting as healthcare professionals or promoting products/services

71
Q

Lipemic

A
  • after blood is spun + separated in centrifuge the serum/plasma portion (milky white)
  • patient not fasting or hyperlipidema
72
Q

LIS

A

-Laboratory Information System

-

73
Q

Liter

A

basic metric unit of volume

74
Q

Lymphedema

A
  • type of swelling which occurs in lymphatic tissue
  • when excess fluid collets in arms/legs
  • because lymph nodes/vessels are blocked/removed
  • Mastectomies
75
Q

Meter

A

basic metric unit of distance

76
Q

Multi-Sample Adapter

A

-device used with butterfly + vacutainer holder to allow for withdrawal of multiple tubes of blood during venipuncture

77
Q

Murmur

A

-noise between normal heart sounds caused by blood flow through a heart valve

78
Q

NCCLS

A
  • National Center for Clinical laboratory Standards

- CLSI

79
Q

Negligence

A
  • failure to exercise standard of care that reasonable would give under similar circumstances
  • 4 Ds, Duty, Derelict, Direct cause, Damage
80
Q

NPO

A

-meaning by mouth

81
Q

Oncoogy

A

-study/treatment of cancer

82
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

-hemoglobin that has been bound w oxygen in lungs for purpose of transport to cells in body

83
Q

Palpate

A
  • examine/feel using fingers of non dominant hand

- feel veins

84
Q

Pathogen

A

-any microorganism that produces disease

85
Q

Pathogenic

A

-having capability of producing disease

86
Q

Patient Confidentiality

A
  • key concept if HIPAA

- patients have right to privacy

87
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

-lack of erythrocytes caused by an inability in body to absorb vitamin B12

88
Q

Peripheral Blood

A
  • blood obtained from circulation away from heart

- fingertip, heel pad etc.

89
Q

Petechiae

A
  • tiny non-raised red spots

- due to rupturing of capillaries due to tourniquet being left on or too tight

90
Q

Phlebitis

A

-inflammation of vein as result of repeated venipuncture on that vein

91
Q

Pipette

A

-glass/transparent plastic tube used to accurately transport small amount of liquid

92
Q

Plasma

A
  • fluid portion of blood

- cellular components supsended

93
Q

Platelets

A
  • thrombocyte

- involved in coagulation

94
Q

Point of Care Testing (POCT)

A
  • diagnostic testing at or near site of patient care

- bring the test conveniently + immediately to the patient

95
Q

Quality Assurance

A

-program that guarantees quality patient care by tracking outcomes

96
Q

QNS

A

-quantity not sufficient

97
Q

RAST

A
  • radioallgergosorbent test

- detection of allergies

98
Q

RBCs

A
  • solid component of the blood

- contains hemoglobic

99
Q

Sclerosis

A

-hardening, especially from inflammation and certain disease states

100
Q

Septicemia

A

-systemic infection associated with the presence of pathogenic organisms introduced during a venipuncture

101
Q

Serum

A

-clear liquid portion of blood

102
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

-cuff placed on arm of patient for blood pressure measurement

103
Q

STAT

A

-immediately

104
Q

Trauma

A

-injury to underlying tissues caused by probing of the needle

105
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

-inflammation of vein with formation of clot

106
Q

Thrombus

A

-blood clot usually formed as consequence of insuffiecient pressure applied after withrdrawal of needle

107
Q

Tort

A

-wrongful act

108
Q

Tourniquet

A

-constrictive band to limit blood flow

109
Q

Tumor Markers

A

-substances sometimes found in blood that indicates a certain type of cancer

110
Q

Universal Precautions

A

-prevention strategy in which all blood + potentially infectious materials are treated as if they are infections

111
Q

VAD

A
  • vascular access device

- device used to gain access to vein or artery such as Needle, IV, Catheter

112
Q

Vacutainer

A

-automatically aspirates correct amount of blood into tube

113
Q

White Cell Count

A

-number of WBC (leukocytes) found in peripheral blood

114
Q

Whole Blood

A

-blood from none of the elements have been removed

PHLEB (3 decks)

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