Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

Sudden modulation in the middle of a piece

A

Abrupt modulation

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2
Q

Speed up the tempo

A

Accelerando (accel.)

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3
Q

A type of articulation that tells you to emphasise or stress a note

A

Accent

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4
Q

A type of ornament that’s played by squeezing in a note between the main note. It’s a type of grace note.

A

Acciaccatura

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5
Q

A note that doesn’t belong to the home key of a piece, indicated by a sharp, flat or natural

A

Accidental

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6
Q

The part of the music that’s not the main melody

A

Accompaniment

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7
Q

Play at 66-76 beats per minute. Slightly faster than largo and larghetto

A

Adagio

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8
Q

Played in an agitated way

A

Agitato

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9
Q

A pattern played in the bass part that goes root, fifth, third, fifth

A

Alberti bass

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10
Q

A choir made up of two groups of sopranos and two groups of altos

A

All-female choir

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11
Q

A choir made up of trebles, altos, tenors and basses

A

All-male choir

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12
Q

Play in a March style

A

Alla marcia

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13
Q

Slow down the tempo slightly and play more broadly

A

Allargando

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14
Q

120-168 bests per minute. Quick and lively

A

Allergo

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15
Q

The name given to the C clef when the middle point is on the middle line of the stave. Often used for viola parts

A

Alto clef

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16
Q

Voice that sings roughly from the F below middle C to the F at the top of the treble clef stave

A

Alto voice

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17
Q

Another name for plagal cadence

A

‘Amen’ cadence

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18
Q

Play in a romantic, loving way

A

Amoroso

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19
Q

An unaccented beat at the start of a phrase

A

Anacrusis

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20
Q

76-108 beats per minute. Walking pace

A

Andante

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21
Q

Short polyphonic choral piece performed in Protestant churches

A

Anthem

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22
Q

A type of ornament that clashes with the accompanying chord, then moves to a note of the chord. It’s a type of grace note

A

Appoggiatura

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23
Q

Go back to the original tempo

A

A tempo

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24
Q

song for a soloist in an opera

A

aria

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25
Q

the notes of a chord played in succession

A

arpeggio

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26
Q

directions telling the performer how the piece should be played

A

articulation

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27
Q

music that’s not written in a key

A

atonal

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28
Q

increasing the note lengths in a tune to form a new version of it. the opposite of diminution

A

augmentation

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29
Q

an interval that’s one semitone larger than a major or perfect interval

A

augmented interval

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30
Q

a type of melodic decoration that’s one note higher than the notes either side (which are the same)

A

auxiliary note

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31
Q

a type of slushy pop song, or 15th century song that tell a story

A

ballad

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32
Q

a male voice that sings the top part of the bass range and the bottom part of the tenor range

A

baritone voice

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33
Q

clef used for low instrument and voices

A

bass clef

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34
Q

male voice that sings roughly from the F below the bass clef to the E above middle C

A

bass voice

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35
Q

a note that changes pitch slightly. it sounds a bit like a wobble

A

bent note

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36
Q

a large jazz band

A

big band

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37
Q

type of musical structure where the music has two distinct sections

A

binary form

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38
Q

chord played by sounding all notes at once

A

block chord

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39
Q

the flattened notes used in a blues scale

A

blue note

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40
Q

a major scale with flattened third, seventh and sometimes fifth

A

blue scale

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41
Q

band with brass and percussion sections

A

brass band

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42
Q

a chord that’s played as a series of separate notes

A

broken chords

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43
Q

a type of clef that can move up and down on the stave. its middle point is middle C

A

C celf

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44
Q

pair of chords used to finish off a phrase

A

cadence

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45
Q

a short melody followed by an answering phrase

A

call and response

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46
Q

play the music so it sounds very calm

A

calmato

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47
Q

like an oratorio, but uses words from books or poems

A

cantata

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48
Q

a type of dance from the 17th century that uses a ground bass

A

chaconne

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49
Q

music for small groups, originally written to be performed in people’s houses

A

chamber music

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50
Q

orchestra with small string and percussion sections, and one or two of each wind and brass instrument

A

chamber orchestra

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51
Q

a group of singers

A

choir

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52
Q

hymn for a choir

A

chorale

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53
Q

two or more notes played at the same time

A

chord

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54
Q

different ways of playing chords

A

chord figurations

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55
Q

a series of chords. another name for a harmonic ________

A

chord progression

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56
Q

a group of singers, that support the soloists, all sing together

A

chorus

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57
Q

notes used as melodic decoration that don’t belong to the home key

A

chromatic decoration

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58
Q

13-note scale using all the notes in an octave

A

chromatic scale

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59
Q

diagram showing how all the keys relate to each other

A

circle of fifths

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60
Q

small group with clarinet, two violins, viola and cello (not five clarinets)

A

clarinet quintet

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61
Q

music composed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th century

A

classical

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62
Q

swirly thing at the start of a piece of music that helps you figure out how high or low a note is

A

clef

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63
Q

section at the end of a piece that’s a bit different from the rest and finishes it off nicely

A

coda

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64
Q

for sting players- play the instrument with the wooden bit of the bow

A

col legno

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65
Q

time signature where each main beat can be split into three little ones

A

compound time

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66
Q

play with the bow. the opposite of pizzicato

A

con arco

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67
Q

play with a mute

A

consordino

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68
Q

piece for a soloist with an orchestra

A

concerto

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69
Q

bossy individual who stands at the front of an orchestra waving their hands or baton to keep everyone in time

A

conductor

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70
Q

where the melody is smooth - there aren’t big jumps between the notes

A

conjunct

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71
Q

nice sound that you get when notes that fit together are played at the same time. also called concordance

A

consonance

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72
Q

another word for polyphonic

A

contrapuntal

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73
Q

when two parts move in opposite directions. it is a polyphonic

A

contrary motion

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74
Q

male singers who sing within the female vocal range

A

counter-tenors

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75
Q

extra tune played at the same time as the main theme to keep it interesting

A

countermelody

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76
Q

get louder gradually

A

crescendo

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77
Q

when two different rhythms that don’t fit together are played at the same time

A

cross=rhythm

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78
Q

note that lasts for one beat

A

crotchet

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79
Q

start again from the beginnning

A

da capo/D.C.

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80
Q

go back to the beginning and play all the way through till you get to the sign that says fine.

A

cal capo al fine

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81
Q

star again from the sigh

A

da segno/D.S.

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82
Q

higher tune sung or played at the same time as the main melody and harmonising with it

A

descant

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83
Q

section in sonata form where ideas are developed

A

development

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84
Q

notes used as melodic decoration that belong to the home key

A

diatonic decoration

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85
Q

an interval that’s one semitone smaller than a minor or perfect interval

A

diminished interval

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86
Q

a triad made up of two minor thirds

A

diminished triad

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87
Q

get quieter gradually

A

diminuendo

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88
Q

decreasing the note lengths in a tune to form a new version of it. the opposite of augmentation

A

diminution

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89
Q

when there are big jumps between the notes in a melody. the opposite of conjuct

A

disjunct

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90
Q

horrible sound that you get when notes that don’t fit together are played at the same time. also called discordance

A

dissonance

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91
Q

disc jockey. chooses which tracks to play on the radio or at a club

A

DJ

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92
Q

play sweetly

A

dolce

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93
Q

fifth note in a major or minor scale

A

dominant

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94
Q

cord V with an added 7th. Written V7

A

dominant 7th chord

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95
Q

when a dot is added to a note, it increases its length by half its value

A

dotted note

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96
Q

you get a double bar line at the end of a piece or section of a piece

A

double bar line

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97
Q

symbol that tells you to play a note two semitones lower

A

double flat

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98
Q

symbol that tells you to play a note two semitones higher

A

double sharp

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99
Q

like the oboe that are played by blowing down two reeds

A

double-reed instruments - woodwind instruments

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100
Q

playing two notes at the same time on a string instrument

A

double-stopping

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101
Q

when two different instruments or voice play exactly the same tune at the same time

A

doubling

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102
Q

symbol for string players telling them to bow from the end when they hold the bow

A

down bow

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103
Q

a long, held-on note, usually in the bass

A

drone

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104
Q

a type of sequencer that plays built-in drum sounds

A

drum machine

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105
Q

a piece for two players or two singers

A

duet

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106
Q

music with two beats in a bar

A

duple metre

107
Q

how loud or quiet the music is

A

dynamics

108
Q

like the flute that played by blowing air across a hole

A

edge-tone instruments - woodwind instruments

109
Q

play energetically

A

energico

110
Q

a note with a different name that sounds exactly the same

A

enharmonic equivalent

111
Q

a contrasting section in rondo form

A

episode

112
Q

the first section of sonata form where ideas are introduced

A

exposition

113
Q

when male singers sing notes in the female vocal range - much higher than their normal range

A

falsetto

114
Q

the third note of a triad - the fifth note of a scale

A

fifth

115
Q

a triad with the third at the bottom

A

first inversion

116
Q

symbol that tells you to play the note a semitone lower

A

flat

117
Q

loud

A

forte

118
Q

very loud

A

fortissimo

119
Q

music with no particular metre

A

free metre

120
Q

the players who play the tune in a jazz band. usually trumpets, saxophones and clarinets

A

front line

121
Q

play in a light-hearted, jokey way

A

giocoso

122
Q

a slide between notes

A

glissando

123
Q

a type of ornament. appoggiaturas and acciaccaturas are both _________

A

grace note

124
Q

play very grandly

A

grandioso

125
Q

a way of playing variations with a strong repeating bass as the main theme

A

ground bass

126
Q

another name for a crescendo or diminuendo

A

hairpin

127
Q

the difference between two notes played at the same time

A

harmonic interval

128
Q

8-note minor scale using notes from the minor key except for the seventh note, which is sharpened by one semitone

A

harmonic minor scale

129
Q

a series of chords. another name for a chord progression

A

harmonic progression

130
Q

the speed at which the chords change

A

harmonic rhythm

131
Q

two parts of music harmonise when they fit together nicely. sometimes the accompaniment is called the ______

A

harmony

132
Q

in ________ music, all the parts have different versions of the same tune

A

heterophonic

133
Q

the key a piece starts and finishes in

A

home key

134
Q

music where the tune is accompanied by chords

A

homophonic

135
Q

when a phrase is repeated with little variation. could be one instrument or voice, or two or more, ________ each other
repeat not exactly within another parts or instrument

A

imitation

136
Q

cadence moving usually from chord I, II or IV to chord V

A

imperfect cadence

137
Q

part of a pop song where the singer rests and the other instruments get to show off

A

instrumental section

138
Q

cadence moving from chord V to any chord (usually ) except chord I

A

interrupted cadence

139
Q

the gap between two notes, played one after another or at the same time in a chord

A

interval

140
Q

opening section of a song or piece

A

introduction

141
Q

rearranging the root chord so a different note goes at the bottom

A

inversion

142
Q

a type of ornament

A

inverted turn

143
Q

type of metre where the beats in a bar are of different lengths

A

irregular metre

144
Q

Music with lots of improvisation and syncopation

A

Jazz

145
Q

Band that play jazz. Usually has a front line and a rhythm section

A

Jazz band

146
Q

Small jazz group

A

Jazz combo

147
Q

Jazz band with string section

A

Jazz orchestra

148
Q

A set of notes all from the same scale

A

Key

149
Q

Sharps or flats just after the clef that tell you what key a piece is in

A

Key signature

150
Q

Instruments with keys. Eg piano, harpsichord, organ

A

Keyboard instrument

151
Q

Play broadly and slowly. Though not quite as slow as largo

A

Larghetto

152
Q

40-60 beats per minute. Broad and slow.

A

Largo

153
Q

A jump between notes that’s bigger than a tone

A

Leap

154
Q

Legato

A

Play smoothly

155
Q

The words of an opera

A

Libretto

156
Q

A song for one singer and piano. Popular in the romantic period

A

Lied

157
Q

The words of a song

A

Lyrics

158
Q

Song from the Renaissance times for five or six singers

A

Madrigal

159
Q

Musical idea. Usually quite memorable.

A

Main theme

160
Q

Key using notes from a major scale

A

Major key

161
Q

Intervals between the first note of a major scale and the second, third, sixth and seventh note

A

Major interval

162
Q

Series of eight notes. Intervals between them are TTSTTTS

A

Major scale

163
Q

Train with an interval of four semitones between the bottom note and middle note (a major third), three semitones between middle note and top note (a minor third)

A

Major triad

164
Q

A choir made up of two groups of tenors as well as bartoned and basses

A

Male voice choir

165
Q

Play all the notes with accent

A

Marcato

166
Q

Piece of music sung as part of the Catholic Church service

A

Mass

167
Q

notes that are added to the tune to make it more interesting

A

melodic decoration

168
Q

the difference between two notes played one after another in a tune

A

melodic interval

169
Q

turning a tune upside down to get a new version of it

A

melodic inversion

170
Q

fairly loud/quiet

A

mezzo forte/piano

171
Q

a female voice that sings the top part of the alto range and the bottom part of the soprano range

A

mezzo-soprano voice

172
Q

eight bars in the middle of a pop song that have different chords and/or tune to keep you interested

A

middle 8

173
Q

stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface - a way of connecting different electronic instruments

A

MIDI

174
Q

marching band with woodwind, brass and percussion section

A

military band

175
Q

third movement of a sonata or symphony. developed from a seventeenth century dance, so it’s quite lively

A

minuet

176
Q

eight note scale following a particular pattern of tones and semitones

A

mode

177
Q

108-120 beats per minute. moderate speed

A

moderato

178
Q

when the music shifts from the home key to another, usually related

A

modulation

179
Q

thin musical texture with just a tune and nothing else

A

monophonic

180
Q

twiddly ornaments

A

mordents

181
Q

short polyphonic choral piece performed in Catholic churches

A

motet

182
Q

wooden, rubber or metal gadget used to dampen the sound of brass and string instruments

A

mute

183
Q

a really important part of the music that can’t be missed out. obligatory

A

obbligato

184
Q

a piece for eight players/singers

A

octet

185
Q

drama set to music

A

opera

186
Q

twiddly notes added to a tune to make it more interesting

A

ornament

187
Q

a musical pattern which repeats over and over again

A

ostinato

188
Q

another name for a coda. used in pop songs

A

outro

189
Q

when two or more parts move with the same interval between them

A

parallel motion

190
Q

a type of dance from the 17th century that uses a ground bass

A

passacaglia

191
Q

a linking note. used as melodic decoration

A

passing note

192
Q

play heavily

A

pesante

193
Q

very quite

A

pianissimo

194
Q

one piano, one violin and one cello (classic chamber music)

A

piano trio

195
Q

chord that belongs to two keys. it’s used to shift a piece of music from one key to another

A

pivot chord

196
Q

‘plucked’. a way of playing a string instrument

A

pizzicato

197
Q

180-200 beats per minute. really fast

A

presto

198
Q

a piece for four players or four singers

A

quartet

199
Q

a piece for five players or singers

A

quintet

200
Q

slowing down gradually

A

rallentando (rall.)

201
Q

the third section of sonata form where the ideas are recapped

A

recapitulation

202
Q

part of an opera where the characters talk over simple accompaniment from the orchestra

A

recitative

203
Q

when a piece of music is turned into a dance track by speeding it up and adding a drum beat

A

remix

204
Q

play the melody backwards

A

retrograde

205
Q

play the melody upside down and backwards

A

retrograde inversion

206
Q

instruments that keep the rhythm in a jazz band, eg double bass, drum kit, bass guitar and piano

A

rhythm section

207
Q

chords played in a rhythmic way so you get rhythm and harmony

A

rhythmic chords

208
Q

repeated phrase played over and over again. used in pop, rock and jazz music

A

riff

209
Q

play confidently, decisively

A

risoluto

210
Q

slow dow immediately

A

ritenuto (rit.)

211
Q

musical style from the mid-19th to early 20th

A

Romantic

212
Q

a way of structuring music so you start with one tune, go on to a new one, go back to the first one, on to another new one, back to the first one, on to a new one… as many times as you like

A

rondo form

213
Q

playing a chord with the root at the bottom

A

root position

214
Q

you can be flexible with the speed of the music

A

rubato

215
Q

a piece of equipment that lets you record, alter and play back sections of sound

A

sampler

216
Q

short sections of recorded sound

A

samples

217
Q

similar to conjunct. a smooth melody that moves up and down a scale

A

scalic

218
Q

lively third movement of a symphony or sonata

A

scherzo

219
Q

a triad with the fifth at the bottom

A

second inversion

220
Q

a piece for seven player/singers

A

septet

221
Q

a piece of equipment that can record, edit and replay MIDI information

A

sequencer

222
Q

a piece for six players or six singers

A

sextet

223
Q

a strongly accented note

A

sforzando

224
Q

woodwind instruments like the clarinet that are played by blowing between a reed and the mouthpiece

A

single-reed instruments

225
Q

a piece of music in three or four movements for one to tow players. the first movement is always in sonata form

A

sonata

226
Q

a piece of music with three sections - exposition, development and recapitulation

A

sonata form

227
Q

play in a sighing sort of way

A

sospirando

228
Q

play each note slightly short and separated from the notes either side of it

A

staccato

229
Q

notes that are a tone apart

A

steps

230
Q

when a tune moves in steps

A

stepwise

231
Q

playing a note on a string instrument by using your finger to change the pitch

A

stopping

232
Q

two violins a viola and a cello

A

string quartet

233
Q

a violin, a viola and a cello

A

string trio

234
Q

a type of melodic decoration that’s made up of three notes. the middle note clashes with the accompanying chord then resolves

A

suspension

235
Q

a large jazz band

A

swing band

236
Q

a large pieve of music in three or four movements for an orchestra

A

symphony

237
Q

the biggest type of orchestra

A

symphony orchestra

238
Q

when the accents are moved away from the main beat

A

syncopation

239
Q

a piece of equipment that lets you create new sounds

A

synthesizer

240
Q

type of musical structure where the music has three sections. the first and last are pretty much the same, but the middle one is in a different key

A

ternary form

241
Q

how a piece is put together

A

structure

242
Q

how chords and melody are woven together

A

texture

243
Q

type of structure where a main theme is played, followed by variations on it

A

theme and variation form

244
Q

a triad with an added seventh, with the seventh at the bottom

A

third inversion

245
Q

whether a piece is in a major or minor key

A

tonality

246
Q

separating notes with your tongue when playing a woodwind or brass instrument

A

tongued

247
Q

a boy soprano

A

treble

248
Q

play in a trembly, nervous-sounding way

A

tremolo

249
Q

a twiddly ornament

A

trill (tr)

250
Q

play in a triumphant, confident-sounding way

A

trionfale

251
Q

uncomfortable-sounding interval of three tones

A

tritone

252
Q

percussion instruments that can play notes of different pitches

A

tuned percussion

253
Q

twiddly ornaments

A

turn

254
Q

everyone plays or sings together

A

tutti

255
Q

everyone plays or sings the same notes at the same time

A

unison

256
Q

percussion instruments that can’t play a tune

A

untuned percussion, eg cymbals, maracas

257
Q

symbol for sting players telling them to bow from the tip of the bow

A

up bow

258
Q

different version of the main theme

A

variation

259
Q

structure used in pop songs - verses have the same tune but the lyrics changes each time, and choruses have a different tune to the verse but the words don’t change each time

A

verse and chorus structure

260
Q

when singers made their voices wobble, giving a richer sound

A

vibrato

261
Q

play fast and lively

A

vivace

262
Q

a bass part that moves in crochets, usually either in steps or arpeggios

A

walking bass

263
Q

band with woodwind, brass and percussion sections

A

wind band

264
Q

a group made up of a flute, a clarinet, an oboe, a horn and a basson

A

wind quintet