Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of elements and the compounds tehy form, and the reactions they undergo

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2
Q

Matter/ Material

A

Gas, liquid, or solid.

Anything that has MASS / VOLUME

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3
Q

Properties

A

Characteristics that give matter its unique identity

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4
Q

Extensive Prop

A

A property that depends on the AMOUNT of the material in a sample such as MASS/ VOLUME

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5
Q

Intensive prop

A

A property that is INDEPENDENT of the amount of the material in a sample such as DENSITY / COLOR

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6
Q

Physical properties

A

properties that can be measured without changing the composition of a substance such as COLOR/ MELTING PT

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7
Q

Chemical properties

A

properties that describe the composition and reactivity of a substance
i.e HOW IT CHANGES INTO OTHER SUBSTANCES

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8
Q

Substance/ component

A

A single, distinct chemical species
i.e PURE MATERIAL, such as water and oxygen.
It has a composition that remains unchanged

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9
Q

States of matter

A

the 3 forms in which matter cna be found ; solid, liquid/ gas

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10
Q

Change of States

A

Transformations of matter from one state to another, such as from a liquid to a gas.
eg Boiling water= produces steam

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11
Q

Mixture

A

Combination of 2 or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity

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12
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be separated into more simple substances by chemical . physical means such as Oxygen

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13
Q

Compound

A

A substance composed of 2/ more elements combined chemically in FIXED PROPORTIONS and are classified as MOLECULAR (water, H2o) and NON MOLECULAR (sodium chloride NaCl)

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14
Q

Homogenous mixture

A

Composition is uniform throughout.

I.e all mixture have the same INTENSIVE PROPERTIES, eg air/ sea water

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15
Q

Heterogenous mixture

A

Composition is not uniform.

i.e intensive properties vary from place to place in mixture ( MILK/ ROCKS)

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16
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

17
Q

Allotropes

A

Diff forms of the same element

i. e the FORMS have their atoms arranged differently .
eg. graphite and diamond = allotropes of carbon

18
Q

Chemical formula

A

Notation for a chemical COMPOUND using the chemical symbols for the elements presnet
eg. water - H2O b/c both elements hydrogen and oxygen are chemically combined in teh ratio of 2 hydrogens and one oxygen.

19
Q

Molecular Formula

A

A chemical formula that indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule OF a substance

20
Q

Empirical formula

A

A chemical formula that indicates the actual number of atoms and their relative numbers in a substance in the smallest possible WHOLE NUMBER RATIO
eg. Hydrogen Peroxide= MF H2O2, EF= HO
Ethylene= MF= C2H4, EF= CH2

21
Q

Subatomic particles

A

The central core of an atom that contains protons and neutrons

22
Q

Protons (p)

A

A positively charged subatomic particles present in the nucleus of an atom

23
Q

Electron (e)

A

A negatively charged subatomic particle present far outside the nucleus of an atom.
It has a mass 1/1836 times that of a proton

24
Q

Neutron

A

An electrically neutral particle present in the nucleus of teh atom.
Has approx. the same mass as a proton.
Diff numbers of neutrons in the nuclei of an element from isotopes of that element.

25
Q

Atomis Mass Units (MU)

A

A unit based on the value of 12 amu for the mass of the isotope of carbon (12C) that has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in the nucleus.
Thus a proton and neutron have almost the same mass of 1 amu each, and an electron has a mass of 0.0005 amu

26
Q

Atomic number (Z)

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element.
This number identifies a particular element for example Z= 30 must be zinc

27
Q

Mass Number (A)

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of a particular isotope of an element.

28
Q

Atomic Symbol

A

Defines atom completely by utilising the chemical symbol X, of an element combine with A, Z
eg..A/Z X

29
Q

Periodic table

A

The arrangement of the elements in the order of increasing atomic number with elements having similar properties placed in vertical columns

30
Q

Metals

A

Represet 4/5 of the elements in teh PT, and are solids at room temp(expt mercury)
Metals have LUSTER, MELLEABILITY, DUCTILITY and good THERMAL and ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY.
eg. Sn. Fe, Zn

31
Q

Non metals

A

Represent 1/5 of teh elements in the PT and teh majority 2/3 are gaseous and the remaining 1/3 are solids (METTALOIDS)
Most of these elemenst are POOR CONDUCTORS of heat & electricity. H/w Metalloids or semiconductors have properties intermediate btw those of metals an non metals

32
Q

Inert gases

A

composed of the 6 elements; He, Ne, Ar, Kr. Xe, Rn and occupy the last column of the PT.
All these elements are very nonreactive , all are gases at room temp and exist as individual atoms

33
Q

Molecules

A

2/ more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
All the remaining nonmetals ,
1.e not including metalloids and the inert gases, exist as molecules.
eg. N2 , O2, Cl2, P4, S8

34
Q

Ion

A

An electrically charged atom or group of atoms (polyatomic ions)
Ions can be positively/ negatively charged depending on whether electrons are lost (positive) / gained (negative
) by the atoms

35
Q

cation

A

An ion with a positive charge, formed by the loss of one or more electrons; such as Na+, Ca+, NH+4

36
Q

Anion

A

A negatively charged ion formed by the gain of one or more electrons; sucj as Cl0, O2-, No -3