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Biology Unit 2 AOS2 > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

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0
Q

Allelopathy

A

Chemical inhibition of one plant to another, due to release of substances into the environment acting as growth inhibitors.

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1
Q

Allelochemical

A

A chemical produced by a living organism that exerts a detrimental physiological effect on individuals of another species

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2
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances.

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3
Q

Camouflage

A

Hide or disguise the presence of an animal or object

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4
Q

carnivores

A

animal the feeds on other animals

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5
Q

cladodes

A

flattened stem

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6
Q

climax community

A

end of succession when a stable community is established with no further change in dominant species.

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7
Q

commensalism

A

association between two organisms where one benefits and one derives

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8
Q

community

A

Interactive group of species who live in a common location

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9
Q

competition

A

Interaction between two individuals that use one or more of the same resources in the same ecosystem

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10
Q

consumers

A

Organisms the obtain their energy and organic matter by ingesting it from other organisms

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11
Q

decomposers

A

Organisms that can break down organic matter of dead organisms or products

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12
Q

desiccation

A

drying out

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13
Q

detrivores

A

Organisms that eat organic particles of organic matter found in soil or water

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14
Q

detritus

A

Fragments of organic material present in soil and water

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15
Q

diversity

A

measure of number of different species in a community

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16
Q

ecosystem

A

Comprises a community living in a discrete region, the non-living surroundings and interactions between the living and non-living

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17
Q

endoparasites

A

Organisms that live inside the host and obtain it’s food

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18
Q

ectoparasites

A

organisms that obtain food from the outside of the host

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19
Q

Haustoria

A

Thin strand of tissue through which a plant parasite makes connection with it’s host

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20
Q

Hemiparasitism

A

Where the parasite obtains some nutrients from its host plant but also makes some of its own food from photosynthesis

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21
Q

Herbivore

A

Organism that eats living plants

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22
Q

heretotrophs

A

consumers

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23
Q

holoparasitism

A

Parasite depends completely on the host plant’s nutrients

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24
Q

Host

A

organism on or in an organism which a specific parasite lives

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25
Q

Interspecific Competition

A

Competition for resources involving different species in an ecosystem

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26
Q

Intraspecific Competition

A

Competition for resources involving organisms of the same species in an ecosystem

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27
Q

Mimicry

A

Where one specie has an appearance similar to a distasteful species because apparently it gives protection against predators

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28
Q

Mutualism

A

An association between two different species in a community that both gain a benefit

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29
Q

Niche Overlap

A

Situation in an ecosystem where different species are in competition for the same energy and space resources

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30
Q

Niche Seperation

A

Situation in which two species in the community use different resources, no niche overlap

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31
Q

Omnivores

A

Organisms that eat both plants and animals

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32
Q

parasite

A

Organism that lives in or on another organism and feeds from it

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33
Q

parasitoids

A

Like parasites that slowly kill their hosts

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34
Q

pheremones

A

Chemicals secreted by some animals to communicate with other members of the species

35
Q

photosynthesis

A

process by which plants trap radiant energy of sunlight to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide in water

36
Q

Pioneer Species

A

First species to become established in a previously uncolonised habitat

37
Q

population

A

members of one species living in a specific habitat at a particular time

38
Q

predator

A

An animal that actively seeks out other animals as its source of food

39
Q

Prey

A

Living animal that is captured and eaten by a preditor

40
Q

primary succession

A

ecological succession occurring in an area that was not previously colonised

41
Q

producers

A

can build organic matter from simple inorganic substances

42
Q

secondary succession

A

Establishments over time of replacement communities in an area that removes the original community

43
Q

succession

A

natural process where the community living in an area changes over time

44
Q

sulfur bacteria

A

one group of bacteria that gain their energy by oxidising sulfur compounds

45
Q

symbiosis

A

Prolonged association between different species in a community in which at least one partner benefits

46
Q

volatile

A

Refers to a chemical substance that vaporises at ambient temperatures and diffuses through the air

47
Q

Warning Colouration

A

Bright pattern of colour markings that signals to predators that the members of it’s species contains distasteful chemicals

48
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Refers to the increasing accumulation of a non-biodegradable substance in an organism at higher trophic levels

49
Q

Biogeochemical cycles

A

Cycling of a chemical substance in an ecosystem in which the chemical spends some time in the biological matter of organisms and some part in the geological matter e.g. rocks

50
Q

Biomass

A

Total mass of organic matter present in all living things in a given space within an ecosystem

51
Q

Carbon cycle

A

Cyclic process of exchange of carbon-containing matter between the various parts of the biosphere

52
Q

Carnivore

A

Organisms that kill and eat animals

53
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process of converting chemical energy of food into a form usable by cells

54
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Potential energy stored in substances that becomes available when certain types of chemical reactions occur

55
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

Autotrophic bacteria that use energy from chemical reactions to synthesise organic organic matter from inorganic substances

56
Q

Detrivores

A

Organisms that eat particles of organic matter found in soil or water

57
Q

Ecological pyramid

A

Diagrammatic representation of aspects of trophic levels in an ecosystem.

  • pyramid of numbers
  • pyramid of biomass
  • pyramid of energy
58
Q

Ecosystem

A

Biological units comprising the community living in a discrete region, the non-living surroundings and the interactions

59
Q

Energy

A

Any non-material agent that can cause matter to change

60
Q

Energy Flow

A

Flow of chemical energy through an ecosystem

61
Q

Gross Primary Production (GPP)

A

Chemical energy produced in the form of organic matter by producer organisms over a given period of time.

62
Q

Guano

A

Consolidated excreta of fish-eating birds

63
Q

Herbivore

A

Eats plants

64
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

The energy of motion

65
Q

Limiting Factor

A

Environmental condition that restricts the types of organism that can survive in a given habitat

66
Q

Collaboration

A

A loose association between organisms of the same species such that their activities benefit each other

67
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Refers to the increasing accumulation of non biodegradable substances in an organism of higher tropic levels

68
Q

Biocontrol

A

Use of one kind of organism that is a predator or parasite of a pest species in order to reduce or eliminate populations

69
Q

Biopesticides

A

A form of biocontrol that uses naturally occurring agents, such as bacteria, to attack an exotic pest species

70
Q

Biosphere

What does it consist of?

A 
Life-support system of the earth.
Consists of:
- Atmosphere
- Lithosphere
- Hydrosphere
- Biota
71
Q

Biota

A

The total of all living things

72
Q

Classical Biocontrol

A

A method of biocontrol that uses natural predators of a pest species in order to reduce or eliminate it

73
Q

Conservation

A

Preservation of living things in their diverse ecological settings

74
Q

Conservation Biocontrol

A

A method of biocontrol that use insect species that occur naturally inn the region where a pest species has become established in order to reduce or eliminate the pest

75
Q

Dry land salinity

A

Increased salt levels in soil caused when the water table rises (typically due to excessive tree clearing)
(Also known as secondary salinity)

76
Q

Estuary

A

Wide area at the mouth of a river subject to tidal movements

77
Q

Eutrophication

A

Accumulation of dissolved mineral nutrients in a body of water

78
Q

Exotic Species

A

A species that does not occur naturally in a region, but is introduced

79
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Waters of the earth in solid or liquid form

80
Q

Irrigation salinity

A

Increased salt levels in the soil resulting in excessive irrigation
(also known as primary salinity)

81
Q

Lithosphere

A

Rocky crust of the earth which is covered by sediments known as soil

82
Q

Irrigation

A

The artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops

83
Q

Noxious

A

Harmful in some way

84
Q

Salinity

A

Refers to amount of salt concentration in soils or water

85
Q

Sclerophyll

A

Describes Australian forests that are dominated by trees and other plants that have hard leaves

Biology Unit 2 AOS2 (1 decks)

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