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chapter7-chemistry > glossary > Flashcards

glossary Flashcards

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0
Q

Acid-alkali neutralization reaction

A

When an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions to neutralize each other and form water and salt

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1
Q

Acid mantle

A

Protective barrier of lipids and secretions on the surface of the skin

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2
Q

Acids

A

Substances that have a pH below 7.0, taste sour, and turn litmus paper from blue to red

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3
Q

Air

A

The gaseous mixture that makes up the earths atmosphere. It is ordorless, colorless, and generally consists of about 1 part oxygen and 4 parts nitrogen by volume

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4
Q

Alkalis

A

Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts; have a pH above 7.0, taste, taste bitter, and turn litmus paper from red to blue

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5
Q

Anion

A

An ion with a negative electrical charge

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6
Q

Antioxidants

A

Used to stabilize skin care products by preventing oxidation that would otherwise cause a product to turn rancid and decompose. They are vitamins such as A, C, and E, which can be applied topically in products or taken internally to increase healthy body fuctions

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7
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest chemical components of an element that still retains the properties of that element

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8
Q

Cation

A

Ion with a positive electrical charge

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9
Q

Chemical change

A

Change in the chemical properties of a substance that is the result of a chemical reaction in which a new substance or substances are formed that have properties different from the original

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10
Q

Chemical compounds

A

Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements United chemically with a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions, and properties

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11
Q

Chemical properties

A

Those characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the identity of the substance

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12
Q

Chemistry

A

Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

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13
Q

Combustion

A

Rapid oxidation of any substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light

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14
Q

Compound molecules

A

Also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite proportions

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15
Q

Element

A

The simplest form of matter; cannot be broken down into a simpler substance with out loss of identity

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16
Q

Element molecules

A

Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite proportions

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17
Q

Emulsions

A

An unstable physical mixture of two or more im miscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

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18
Q

Free radicals

A

Unstable molecules that cause inflammation, disease, and biochemical aging in the body, especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin. Free radicals are super oxidizes that cause and oxidation reaction and produce a new free radical in the process that are created by highly reactive atoms or molecules

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19
Q

Gases

A

Matter without a definite shape or size. No fixed volume or shape; takes the shape of its container

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20
Q

Hydrogen

A

Colorless, ordorless, tasteless gas; lightest element known

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21
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen; colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and a slightly acid taste

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22
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Easily absorbs moisture; in chemistry terms, capable of combining with or attracting water

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23
Q

Hydroxide

A

An anion with one oxygen and one hydrogen atom

24
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

25
Q

Inorganic chemistry

A

The study of substances that dont contain the element carbon, but may be contain the element hydrogen

26
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

27
Q

Ionization

A

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive or negative ions

28
Q

Lipophilic

A

Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils

29
Q

Liquids

A

Matter that has volume, no definite shape and will take shape of its container, such as water

30
Q

Logarithmic scale

A

A method of displaying data in multiples of 10

31
Q

Matter

A

Any substance that occupies space and has mass

32
Q

Miscible

A

Capable of being mixed; liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

33
Q

Molecule

A

A chemical combination of two or more atoms

34
Q

Nitrogen

A

A colorless gaseous element that makes up about four fifths of the air in our atmosphere and is found chiefly in ammonia and nitrates

35
Q

Oil in water (o/w) emulsion

A

Oil droplets dispersed in a water with the aid of an emulsifying agent

36
Q

Organic chemistry

A

Study of substances that contain carbon

37
Q

Organic chemistry

A

Study of substances that contain carbon

38
Q

Oxidation

A

Either the addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen; a chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide

39
Q

Oxidation reduction

A

Also known as redox; chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

40
Q

Oxidize

A

To combine or cause a substance to combine with oxygen

41
Q

Oxygen

A

The most abundant element on earth

42
Q

pH

A

The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen; relative degree of acidity and alkalinity of a substance. pH represents the quality of hydrogen ions

43
Q

pH scale

A

A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being a neutral l. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution; a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution

44
Q

physical change

A

Change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the formation of a new substance

45
Q

Physical mixture

A

Combination of two or more substances United physically, not chemically, without a fixed composition and in any proportions

46
Q

Physical properties

A

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance

47
Q

Redox reactions

A

Chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

48
Q

Reduction

A

The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction

49
Q

solids

A

A state of matter that is rigid with a definite size and shape, such as ice

50
Q

solute

A

A substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution

51
Q

Solutions

A

A uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances

52
Q

Solvent

A

A substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution

53
Q

States of matter

A

The three different physical forms of matter: solid, liquid, and gas

54
Q

Surfactants

A

Acronym for surface active agent; reduce surface tension between the skin and the product to increase product spreadability; allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify

55
Q

suspensions

A

Unstable mixtures of two or more im miscible substances

56
Q

Water

A

Most abundant of all substances, comprising about 75 percent of the earths surface and about 65 percent of human body

57
Q

Water in oil (w/o) emulsion

A

Droplets of water dispersed in an oil

chapter7-chemistry (1 decks)

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