Glossary Flashcards
0
Q
It is the decrease in body temperature
A
Hypothermia
1
Q
A nonpenetrating cryoprotective agent added to protect cells from damage
A
Hydroxyethyl starch
2
Q
It is the reaction of the body to respond and recognize foreign substances
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Immune response
3
Q
An immunologic reaction induced by initial exposure to the antigens
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Primary immune response
4
Q
An immunologic reaction induced by a second exposure to the antigens; aka anamnestic response
A
Secondary immune response
5
Q
A sugar molecule that gives the antigen it’s specificity
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Immunodominant sugar
6
Q
Ability of an antigen to stimulate an immune response
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Immunogenicity
7
Q
Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response
A
Immunogen
8
Q
Synonym for an antibody
A
Immunoglobulin
9
Q
It is the study of blood related antigens and antibodies
A
Immunohematology
10
Q
It is the rare dominant gene that inhibits the production of all Lutheran antigens
A
In Lu
11
Q
It is the presence of agglutination or hemolysis in compatibility testing
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Incompatible
12
Q
While the fetus is in the uterus
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In utero
13
Q
It is the in vitro reaction in which under certain condition of time and temperature allow antigen-antibody complex to occur
A
Incubation
14
Q
It refers to the random behavior of genes on separate chromosome inherited separately from each other
A
Independent assortment
15
Q
It refers to the passing of one gene from each parent to offspring
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Independent segregation
16
Q
It is the transfusion administered to a fetus while still in the uterus
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Intrauterine transfusion
17
Q
It is the number of charged particles in an solution
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Ionic strength
18
Q
It is the gamma electron treatment of a cellular blood product to prevent inflammation graft
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Irradiation
19
Q
It is the condition characterized by a yellow appearance of skin, eyes, hair and body secretions caused by increase bilirubin levels
A
Jaundice
20
Q
It is a condition due an increase in unconjugated bilirubin
A
Kernicterus
21
Q
Test performed on a maternal blood specimen to detect fetal maternal hemorrhage
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Kleihauer Betke Acid Elution Teat
22
Q
It states that the ABO antibodies are present in the plasma/serum when the corresponding ABO blood antigens are not present on the erythrocytes
A
Landsteiner Law
23
Q
It is the combination of antibody and multivalent antigen to form cross links and result in a visible agglutination reaction
A
Lattice formation
24
It is a seed extract capable of agglutination for red cells carrying the corresponding antigen
Lectin
25
Lectin agglutinate red cells with A1 antigen
Dolichos biflorus
26
Lectin agglutinate red cells with H antigen
Ulex europaeus
27
Lectin agglutinate red cells with N antigen
Vicia graminea
28
Lectin agglutinate red cells with M antigen
Iberis amara
29
Lectin agglutinate red cells with T antigen
Arachis hypogea
30
Lectin agglutinate red cells with Tn antigen
Salvia sclaera
31
It is a graph used to predict severity of HDN during pregnancy by evaluation of amniotic fluid
Liley graph
32
Location of a gene on chromosome
Locus
33
It is a condition of an abnormal presence of high molecular weight immunoglobulin
Macroglobulinemia
34
It is the replacement of one or more blood volumes within 24 hour interval
Massive transfusion
35
It is the common drug used in the treatment of hypertension; frequently the cause of a positive DAT
Methyl Dopa (Aldomet)
36
It is a type of agglutination pattern were a population of the red cells has agglutinate do and the remainder of the red cells are not agglutinated
Mixed field agglutination
37
It is the manner by which a gene is passed from one generation to another
Mode of Inheritance
38
It is a trait that appears when the gene that has been inherited can be found in each generation occurs with equal frequency in males and females
Autosomal dominant
39
It is a trait manifested by people who are homozygous for the alleles. Both parents do not express the same trait may be carrier of heterozygous for the recessive allele
Autosomal recessive
40
Traits transmitted to all daughters of affected fathers but not to sons
Sex-linked dominant
41
Trait that appears much more frequently in males than in females due to inheritance from carrier mothers
Sex-linked recessive
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Antigen composed of several units or subparts
Mosaic
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Term for woman having borne more than one child
Multiparous
44
It's a malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow characterized by abnormal proteins in the plasma and urine
Multiple myeloma
45
It is the fusion of a malignant and normal cell that produces large quantities of monoclonal antibodies
Murine hydbridoma
46
Group of sugars found on the red blood cell membrane staged to a protein backbone; major source of the membranes net negative charge
NANA (Sialic acid)
47
Relating to birth
Natal
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Before birth
Prenatal
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After birth
Postnatal
50
It refers to a newborn infant up to 4 months of age
Neonate
51
It is an enzyme that cleaves Sialic acid from the red blood cell membrane
Neuraminidase
52
Also known as agglutination-inhibition; refers to the absence of agglutination due to the inability of an antibody to react with red cell antigen because of previously bound soluble substance; principle involved in saliva testing
Neutralization
53
Basic building block of DNA composed of a phosphate group, sugar group and base
Nucleotide
54
Any individual who fails to express any antigens in the red cells
Null phenotype
55
Chemical compound found by small number of simple carbohydrate molecule
Oligosaccharide chain
56
Required temperature in C by which antibody is most reactive
Optimum temperature
57
Spontaneous clumping of red blood cells against a given serum
Panagglutination
58
Group O reagent red blood cells that are used for antibody identification
Panel cell
59
Woman who had atleast one pregnancy
Primiparous
60
Type of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia in which biphasic IgG antibody can be demonstrated with anti-P specificity
Paroxysmal cold Hemaglobinuria
61
It refers to the chance that the alleged father is the biological father
Paternity Index
62
Diagrammatical chart used for illustrating the inheritance patterns of traits in a family study
Pedigree chart
63
Refers to the detectable characteristics of genes
Phenotype
64
Initial treatment of elevated bilirubin using lights
Phototherapy
65
Extra blood sample collected during while blood donations from a donor which is intended for serological test
Pilot tube
66
Refers to the fibrinogen containing liquid portion of anticoagulated blood; it can be used as a specimen for backward typing to detect antibodies however might present problem because it can bring about rouleux formation
Plasma
67
Plasma prepared from a whole blood subjected to heavy spin which allow sedimentation of platelet and leaving plasma almost free of platelets
Platelet poor plasma (PPP)
68
Plasma prepared from a whole blood subjected to soft spin which allows sedimentation of platelets thus leaving a plasma that contains high number of platelets
Platelet Rich Plasma
69
Products that are transfused in patients suffering from hypovolemia
Plasma volume expander
70
Plasma derived volume expander
96%albumin + 4% globulin
Normal serum albumin (NSA)
71
Plasma derived volume expander
83% albumin + 17% globulin
Plasma protein fraction (PPF)
72
D antigen that is missing part of its typical antigen structure
Partial D
73
Inability of the patient to respond favorably after platelet transfusion
Platelet refractoriness
74
The spontaneous agglutination of red cells by most adult sera
Polyagglutination
75
The blood group system showing several allergic forms therefore rendering more than one alternative phenotype
Polymorphism
76
Term referring to after child birth
Post partum
77
Term referring to after transfusion
Post transfusion
78
Relative strength of an antibody present in a given antiserum (usually expressed in titer)
Potency
79
Any substance that enhances antigen-antibody interaction from a given cell-serum mixture which may be used to detect low-tittered antibodies in routine testing
Potentiator
80
Refers to a 2x2 grid used for gene combination
Punnet square
81
System of procedures that ensures a laboratory to operate with the most minimal errors
Quality assurance
82
The close monitoring of laboratory operations to allow maximum reliability of test result
Quality control
83
Refers to a person who benefits and receives transfusion
Recipient
84
Required speed in a given time to sediment particles from a fluid mixture
Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF)
85
Disease of unknown cause most frequently seen among premature infants characterized primarily by acute difficulty in breathing; formerly known as Hyaline Membrane Disease
Respiratory distress syndrome
86
Synonym for antigens in the Rh blood group system
Rh factor
87
Concentrated and purified anti-D given as a prophylactic or preventive treatment tonRh(-) person who is exposed to D-antigen either through pregnancy or blood transfusion
Rh immune globulin (RhIg)
88
Inherited characteristic showing decreased expression of Rh antigens
Rhmod
89
Phenotype of a person who suffers from anemia and whose red cells do not express any Rh antigens
Rhnull
90
Test used to determine fetomaternal hemorrhage based on the ability of fetal cells to aggregate around indicator cells
Rosette test
91
Group of red cells whose appearance resembles a stack of coins
Rouleaux formation
92
Procedure used to determine blood group soluble substances
Saliva testing
93
Method of getting a sample to an individual
Sampling
94
Additional blood bag attached to the primary bag generally intended for component preparation
Satellite bags
95
Group "O" cells with complete profile of antigens used in antibody detection
Screening cells
96
Process of allowing interaction or attachment of an incomplete antibody to red cell antigen but no subsequent agglutination reaction seen
Sensitization
97
Systemic disease caused by the presence of pathogenic microorganism in the body; presence of microbes in blood
Septicemia
98
Yellowish liquid portion of blood after clotting
Serum
99
Refers to the required drops of serum to mix with certain drops of red cell suspension to achieve greater affinity
Serum to cell ratio
100
Refers to the length of time when blood an still be used before it expired
Shelf life
101
Sever physiologic reaction to trauma characterized by pallor, cyanosis, weak rapid pulse, drop in blood pressure often leads to unconsciousness
Shock
102
Chemical preservative used in commercial typing sera to prevent bacterial contamination
Sodium azide (0.1%)
103
Characteristic of an antibody to react with cell expressing the corresponding antigen only
Specificity
104
Biochemical changes happening on blood upon in vitro storage
Storage lesion
105
Antigens within the ABO group that are weakly expressed this react less strongly with their corresponding antibody
Subgroup
106
Boundary of the ionic cloud surrounding RBC in saline at which zeta potential is measured
Surface of Shear (slipping plane)
107
Brief loss of consciousness
Syncope
108
Aka therapeutic apheresis, removal of blood components from treatment purposes
Therapeutic phlebotomy
109
Reagent that can be used to disperse agglutination caused by cold reactive IgM autoantibodies; useful in differentiating IgM from IgG antibodies
Thiol reagent
110
Reciprocal of the highest dilution that shows a visible reaction
Titer
111
An inherited characteristic based from gene action
Trait
112
It is the administration of blood or its component intravenously
Transfusion
113
Blood taken from a patient to be used for the same patient
Autologous transfusion
114
Transfer of blood directly from one person to another
Direct transfusion
115
It is used in infants with HDN, refers to withdrawal of blood an subsequent replacement with compatible blood
Exchange transfusion
116
Transfusion of blood stored in blood bag coming from homologous donor
Indirect transfusion
117
The adverse reaction happening to a patient following transfusion of unit of blood or its components
Transfusion reaction
118
A batch test that includes ABO, Rh and antibody screening testing
Type and Screen (T/S)
119
Set of guidelines developed to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious agents
Universal precaution
120
A vascular skin reaction commonly signaling allergic reaction
Urticaria (hives)
121
Refers to type O and type AB individuals who are considered popularly as universal donor and recipient respectively
Universality concept
122
Ability of red cell to survive in vivo after transfusion
Viability
123
Plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by excessive production of gamma M globulin
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
124
Colorless crystalline compound widely used as an anti clotting drug
Warfarin
125
Refers to successive suspension of whole blood with NSS, centrifuges toon and finally decanting completely the supernatant fluid
Washing
126
Weaker variant of D-antigen that is detectable only through indirect anti human globulin test
Weak D
127
Thick gelatinous substance rich in hyaluronic acid that make up the matrix of the umbilical cord
Wharton's jelly
128
Period of time hen the disease is present but tested serologically negative
Window period
129
Soluble haptenic forms of A and B antigens capable of neutralizing their corresponding antibodies
Witebsky substance
130
The blood group whose genes are located in the X-chromosomes
Xg blood group
131
Net negative charge of red cell measured at the surface of shear
Zeta potential
132
Reaction that is influenced by the amount of antigen and antibody from cell-serum mixture
Zonal reaction
133
Mixture of 0.1 M dithiothreitol (DDT) plus 0.1% cysteine-activated papain used to dissociate IgG molecules from erythrocytes showing a positive DAT reaction
ZZAP
134
Reciprocal of the highest dilution that shows a visible reaction
Titer
135
An inherited characteristic based from gene action
Trait
136
It is the administration of blood or its component intravenously
Transfusion
137
Blood taken from a patient to be used for the same patient
Autologous transfusion
138
Transfer of blood directly from one person to another
Direct transfusion
139
It is used in infants with HDN, refers to withdrawal of blood an subsequent replacement with compatible blood
Exchange transfusion
140
Transfusion of blood stored in blood bag coming from homologous donor
Indirect transfusion
141
The adverse reaction happening to a patient following transfusion of unit of blood or its components
Transfusion reaction
142
A batch test that includes ABO, Rh and antibody screening testing
Type and Screen (T/S)
143
Set of guidelines developed to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious agents
Universal precaution
144
A vascular skin reaction commonly signaling allergic reaction
Urticaria (hives)
145
Refers to type O and type AB individuals who are considered popularly as universal donor and recipient respectively
Universality concept
146
Ability of red cell to survive in vivo after transfusion
Viability
147
Plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by excessive production of gamma M globulin
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
148
Colorless crystalline compound widely used as an anti clotting drug
Warfarin
149
Refers to successive suspension of whole blood with NSS, centrifuges toon and finally decanting completely the supernatant fluid
Washing
150
Weaker variant of D-antigen that is detectable only through indirect anti human globulin test
Weak D
151
Thick gelatinous substance rich in hyaluronic acid that make up the matrix of the umbilical cord
Wharton's jelly
152
Period of time hen the disease is present but tested serologically negative
Window period
153
Soluble haptenic forms of A and B antigens capable of neutralizing their corresponding antibodies
Witebsky substance
154
The blood group whose genes are located in the X-chromosomes
Xg blood group
155
Net negative charge of red cell measured at the surface of shear
Zeta potential
156
Reaction that is influenced by the amount of antigen and antibody from cell-serum mixture
Zonal reaction
157
Mixture of 0.1 M dithiothreitol (DDT) plus 0.1% cysteine-activated papain used to dissociate IgG molecules from erythrocytes showing a positive DAT reaction
ZZAP
