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Blood Banking > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

0
Q

It is the decrease in body temperature

A

Hypothermia

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1
Q

A nonpenetrating cryoprotective agent added to protect cells from damage

A

Hydroxyethyl starch

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2
Q

It is the reaction of the body to respond and recognize foreign substances

A

Immune response

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3
Q

An immunologic reaction induced by initial exposure to the antigens

A

Primary immune response

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4
Q

An immunologic reaction induced by a second exposure to the antigens; aka anamnestic response

A

Secondary immune response

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5
Q

A sugar molecule that gives the antigen it’s specificity

A

Immunodominant sugar

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6
Q

Ability of an antigen to stimulate an immune response

A

Immunogenicity

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7
Q

Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response

A

Immunogen

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8
Q

Synonym for an antibody

A

Immunoglobulin

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9
Q

It is the study of blood related antigens and antibodies

A

Immunohematology

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10
Q

It is the rare dominant gene that inhibits the production of all Lutheran antigens

A

In Lu

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11
Q

It is the presence of agglutination or hemolysis in compatibility testing

A

Incompatible

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12
Q

While the fetus is in the uterus

A

In utero

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13
Q

It is the in vitro reaction in which under certain condition of time and temperature allow antigen-antibody complex to occur

A

Incubation

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14
Q

It refers to the random behavior of genes on separate chromosome inherited separately from each other

A

Independent assortment

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15
Q

It refers to the passing of one gene from each parent to offspring

A

Independent segregation

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16
Q

It is the transfusion administered to a fetus while still in the uterus

A

Intrauterine transfusion

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17
Q

It is the number of charged particles in an solution

A

Ionic strength

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18
Q

It is the gamma electron treatment of a cellular blood product to prevent inflammation graft

A

Irradiation

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19
Q

It is the condition characterized by a yellow appearance of skin, eyes, hair and body secretions caused by increase bilirubin levels

A

Jaundice

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20
Q

It is a condition due an increase in unconjugated bilirubin

A

Kernicterus

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21
Q

Test performed on a maternal blood specimen to detect fetal maternal hemorrhage

A

Kleihauer Betke Acid Elution Teat

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22
Q

It states that the ABO antibodies are present in the plasma/serum when the corresponding ABO blood antigens are not present on the erythrocytes

A

Landsteiner Law

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23
Q

It is the combination of antibody and multivalent antigen to form cross links and result in a visible agglutination reaction

A

Lattice formation

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24
Q

It is a seed extract capable of agglutination for red cells carrying the corresponding antigen

A

Lectin

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25
Q

Lectin agglutinate red cells with A1 antigen

A

Dolichos biflorus

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26
Q

Lectin agglutinate red cells with H antigen

A

Ulex europaeus

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27
Q

Lectin agglutinate red cells with N antigen

A

Vicia graminea

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28
Q

Lectin agglutinate red cells with M antigen

A

Iberis amara

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29
Q

Lectin agglutinate red cells with T antigen

A

Arachis hypogea

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30
Q

Lectin agglutinate red cells with Tn antigen

A

Salvia sclaera

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31
Q

It is a graph used to predict severity of HDN during pregnancy by evaluation of amniotic fluid

A

Liley graph

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32
Q

Location of a gene on chromosome

A

Locus

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33
Q

It is a condition of an abnormal presence of high molecular weight immunoglobulin

A

Macroglobulinemia

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34
Q

It is the replacement of one or more blood volumes within 24 hour interval

A

Massive transfusion

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35
Q

It is the common drug used in the treatment of hypertension; frequently the cause of a positive DAT

A

Methyl Dopa (Aldomet)

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36
Q

It is a type of agglutination pattern were a population of the red cells has agglutinate do and the remainder of the red cells are not agglutinated

A

Mixed field agglutination

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37
Q

It is the manner by which a gene is passed from one generation to another

A

Mode of Inheritance

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38
Q

It is a trait that appears when the gene that has been inherited can be found in each generation occurs with equal frequency in males and females

A

Autosomal dominant

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39
Q

It is a trait manifested by people who are homozygous for the alleles. Both parents do not express the same trait may be carrier of heterozygous for the recessive allele

A

Autosomal recessive

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40
Q

Traits transmitted to all daughters of affected fathers but not to sons

A

Sex-linked dominant

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41
Q

Trait that appears much more frequently in males than in females due to inheritance from carrier mothers

A

Sex-linked recessive

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42
Q

Antigen composed of several units or subparts

A

Mosaic

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43
Q

Term for woman having borne more than one child

A

Multiparous

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44
Q

It’s a malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow characterized by abnormal proteins in the plasma and urine

A

Multiple myeloma

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45
Q

It is the fusion of a malignant and normal cell that produces large quantities of monoclonal antibodies

A

Murine hydbridoma

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46
Q

Group of sugars found on the red blood cell membrane staged to a protein backbone; major source of the membranes net negative charge

A

NANA (Sialic acid)

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47
Q

Relating to birth

A

Natal

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48
Q

Before birth

A

Prenatal

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49
Q

After birth

A

Postnatal

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50
Q

It refers to a newborn infant up to 4 months of age

A

Neonate

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51
Q

It is an enzyme that cleaves Sialic acid from the red blood cell membrane

A

Neuraminidase

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52
Q

Also known as agglutination-inhibition; refers to the absence of agglutination due to the inability of an antibody to react with red cell antigen because of previously bound soluble substance; principle involved in saliva testing

A

Neutralization

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53
Q

Basic building block of DNA composed of a phosphate group, sugar group and base

A

Nucleotide

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54
Q

Any individual who fails to express any antigens in the red cells

A

Null phenotype

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55
Q

Chemical compound found by small number of simple carbohydrate molecule

A

Oligosaccharide chain

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56
Q

Required temperature in C by which antibody is most reactive

A

Optimum temperature

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57
Q

Spontaneous clumping of red blood cells against a given serum

A

Panagglutination

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58
Q

Group O reagent red blood cells that are used for antibody identification

A

Panel cell

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59
Q

Woman who had atleast one pregnancy

A

Primiparous

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60
Q

Type of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia in which biphasic IgG antibody can be demonstrated with anti-P specificity

A

Paroxysmal cold Hemaglobinuria

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61
Q

It refers to the chance that the alleged father is the biological father

A

Paternity Index

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62
Q

Diagrammatical chart used for illustrating the inheritance patterns of traits in a family study

A

Pedigree chart

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63
Q

Refers to the detectable characteristics of genes

A

Phenotype

64
Q

Initial treatment of elevated bilirubin using lights

A

Phototherapy

65
Q

Extra blood sample collected during while blood donations from a donor which is intended for serological test

A

Pilot tube

66
Q

Refers to the fibrinogen containing liquid portion of anticoagulated blood; it can be used as a specimen for backward typing to detect antibodies however might present problem because it can bring about rouleux formation

A

Plasma

67
Q

Plasma prepared from a whole blood subjected to heavy spin which allow sedimentation of platelet and leaving plasma almost free of platelets

A

Platelet poor plasma (PPP)

68
Q

Plasma prepared from a whole blood subjected to soft spin which allows sedimentation of platelets thus leaving a plasma that contains high number of platelets

A

Platelet Rich Plasma

69
Q

Products that are transfused in patients suffering from hypovolemia

A

Plasma volume expander

70
Q

Plasma derived volume expander

96%albumin + 4% globulin

A

Normal serum albumin (NSA)

71
Q

Plasma derived volume expander

83% albumin + 17% globulin

A

Plasma protein fraction (PPF)

72
Q

D antigen that is missing part of its typical antigen structure

A

Partial D

73
Q

Inability of the patient to respond favorably after platelet transfusion

A

Platelet refractoriness

74
Q

The spontaneous agglutination of red cells by most adult sera

A

Polyagglutination

75
Q

The blood group system showing several allergic forms therefore rendering more than one alternative phenotype

A

Polymorphism

76
Q

Term referring to after child birth

A

Post partum

77
Q

Term referring to after transfusion

A

Post transfusion

78
Q

Relative strength of an antibody present in a given antiserum (usually expressed in titer)

A

Potency

79
Q

Any substance that enhances antigen-antibody interaction from a given cell-serum mixture which may be used to detect low-tittered antibodies in routine testing

A

Potentiator

80
Q

Refers to a 2x2 grid used for gene combination

A

Punnet square

81
Q

System of procedures that ensures a laboratory to operate with the most minimal errors

A

Quality assurance

82
Q

The close monitoring of laboratory operations to allow maximum reliability of test result

A

Quality control

83
Q

Refers to a person who benefits and receives transfusion

A

Recipient

84
Q

Required speed in a given time to sediment particles from a fluid mixture

A

Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF)

85
Q

Disease of unknown cause most frequently seen among premature infants characterized primarily by acute difficulty in breathing; formerly known as Hyaline Membrane Disease

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

86
Q

Synonym for antigens in the Rh blood group system

A

Rh factor

87
Q

Concentrated and purified anti-D given as a prophylactic or preventive treatment tonRh(-) person who is exposed to D-antigen either through pregnancy or blood transfusion

A

Rh immune globulin (RhIg)

88
Q

Inherited characteristic showing decreased expression of Rh antigens

A

Rhmod

89
Q

Phenotype of a person who suffers from anemia and whose red cells do not express any Rh antigens

A

Rhnull

90
Q

Test used to determine fetomaternal hemorrhage based on the ability of fetal cells to aggregate around indicator cells

A

Rosette test

91
Q

Group of red cells whose appearance resembles a stack of coins

A

Rouleaux formation

92
Q

Procedure used to determine blood group soluble substances

A

Saliva testing

93
Q

Method of getting a sample to an individual

A

Sampling

94
Q

Additional blood bag attached to the primary bag generally intended for component preparation

A

Satellite bags

95
Q

Group “O” cells with complete profile of antigens used in antibody detection

A

Screening cells

96
Q

Process of allowing interaction or attachment of an incomplete antibody to red cell antigen but no subsequent agglutination reaction seen

A

Sensitization

97
Q

Systemic disease caused by the presence of pathogenic microorganism in the body; presence of microbes in blood

A

Septicemia

98
Q

Yellowish liquid portion of blood after clotting

A

Serum

99
Q

Refers to the required drops of serum to mix with certain drops of red cell suspension to achieve greater affinity

A

Serum to cell ratio

100
Q

Refers to the length of time when blood an still be used before it expired

A

Shelf life

101
Q

Sever physiologic reaction to trauma characterized by pallor, cyanosis, weak rapid pulse, drop in blood pressure often leads to unconsciousness

A

Shock

102
Q

Chemical preservative used in commercial typing sera to prevent bacterial contamination

A

Sodium azide (0.1%)

103
Q

Characteristic of an antibody to react with cell expressing the corresponding antigen only

A

Specificity

104
Q

Biochemical changes happening on blood upon in vitro storage

A

Storage lesion

105
Q

Antigens within the ABO group that are weakly expressed this react less strongly with their corresponding antibody

A

Subgroup

106
Q

Boundary of the ionic cloud surrounding RBC in saline at which zeta potential is measured

A

Surface of Shear (slipping plane)

107
Q

Brief loss of consciousness

A

Syncope

108
Q

Aka therapeutic apheresis, removal of blood components from treatment purposes

A

Therapeutic phlebotomy

109
Q

Reagent that can be used to disperse agglutination caused by cold reactive IgM autoantibodies; useful in differentiating IgM from IgG antibodies

A

Thiol reagent

110
Q

Reciprocal of the highest dilution that shows a visible reaction

A

Titer

111
Q

An inherited characteristic based from gene action

A

Trait

112
Q

It is the administration of blood or its component intravenously

A

Transfusion

113
Q

Blood taken from a patient to be used for the same patient

A

Autologous transfusion

114
Q

Transfer of blood directly from one person to another

A

Direct transfusion

115
Q

It is used in infants with HDN, refers to withdrawal of blood an subsequent replacement with compatible blood

A

Exchange transfusion

116
Q

Transfusion of blood stored in blood bag coming from homologous donor

A

Indirect transfusion

117
Q

The adverse reaction happening to a patient following transfusion of unit of blood or its components

A

Transfusion reaction

118
Q

A batch test that includes ABO, Rh and antibody screening testing

A

Type and Screen (T/S)

119
Q

Set of guidelines developed to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious agents

A

Universal precaution

120
Q

A vascular skin reaction commonly signaling allergic reaction

A

Urticaria (hives)

121
Q

Refers to type O and type AB individuals who are considered popularly as universal donor and recipient respectively

A

Universality concept

122
Q

Ability of red cell to survive in vivo after transfusion

A

Viability

123
Q

Plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by excessive production of gamma M globulin

A

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

124
Q

Colorless crystalline compound widely used as an anti clotting drug

A

Warfarin

125
Q

Refers to successive suspension of whole blood with NSS, centrifuges toon and finally decanting completely the supernatant fluid

A

Washing

126
Q

Weaker variant of D-antigen that is detectable only through indirect anti human globulin test

A

Weak D

127
Q

Thick gelatinous substance rich in hyaluronic acid that make up the matrix of the umbilical cord

A

Wharton’s jelly

128
Q

Period of time hen the disease is present but tested serologically negative

A

Window period

129
Q

Soluble haptenic forms of A and B antigens capable of neutralizing their corresponding antibodies

A

Witebsky substance

130
Q

The blood group whose genes are located in the X-chromosomes

A

Xg blood group

131
Q

Net negative charge of red cell measured at the surface of shear

A

Zeta potential

132
Q

Reaction that is influenced by the amount of antigen and antibody from cell-serum mixture

A

Zonal reaction

133
Q

Mixture of 0.1 M dithiothreitol (DDT) plus 0.1% cysteine-activated papain used to dissociate IgG molecules from erythrocytes showing a positive DAT reaction

A

ZZAP

134
Q

Reciprocal of the highest dilution that shows a visible reaction

A

Titer

135
Q

An inherited characteristic based from gene action

A

Trait

136
Q

It is the administration of blood or its component intravenously

A

Transfusion

137
Q

Blood taken from a patient to be used for the same patient

A

Autologous transfusion

138
Q

Transfer of blood directly from one person to another

A

Direct transfusion

139
Q

It is used in infants with HDN, refers to withdrawal of blood an subsequent replacement with compatible blood

A

Exchange transfusion

140
Q

Transfusion of blood stored in blood bag coming from homologous donor

A

Indirect transfusion

141
Q

The adverse reaction happening to a patient following transfusion of unit of blood or its components

A

Transfusion reaction

142
Q

A batch test that includes ABO, Rh and antibody screening testing

A

Type and Screen (T/S)

143
Q

Set of guidelines developed to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious agents

A

Universal precaution

144
Q

A vascular skin reaction commonly signaling allergic reaction

A

Urticaria (hives)

145
Q

Refers to type O and type AB individuals who are considered popularly as universal donor and recipient respectively

A

Universality concept

146
Q

Ability of red cell to survive in vivo after transfusion

A

Viability

147
Q

Plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by excessive production of gamma M globulin

A

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

148
Q

Colorless crystalline compound widely used as an anti clotting drug

A

Warfarin

149
Q

Refers to successive suspension of whole blood with NSS, centrifuges toon and finally decanting completely the supernatant fluid

A

Washing

150
Q

Weaker variant of D-antigen that is detectable only through indirect anti human globulin test

A

Weak D

151
Q

Thick gelatinous substance rich in hyaluronic acid that make up the matrix of the umbilical cord

A

Wharton’s jelly

152
Q

Period of time hen the disease is present but tested serologically negative

A

Window period

153
Q

Soluble haptenic forms of A and B antigens capable of neutralizing their corresponding antibodies

A

Witebsky substance

154
Q

The blood group whose genes are located in the X-chromosomes

A

Xg blood group

155
Q

Net negative charge of red cell measured at the surface of shear

A

Zeta potential

156
Q

Reaction that is influenced by the amount of antigen and antibody from cell-serum mixture

A

Zonal reaction

157
Q

Mixture of 0.1 M dithiothreitol (DDT) plus 0.1% cysteine-activated papain used to dissociate IgG molecules from erythrocytes showing a positive DAT reaction

A

ZZAP

Blood Banking (1 decks)

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