Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Miladys Chapter 13-chemistry > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

Alcohol

A

Antiseptic and solvent used in perfumes, lotions, and astringents. SD alcohol is a special denatured ethyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Alphahydroxy acid’s

A

Abbreviated AHA’s; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin; mild acids: glycolic, lactic, Malic, and tartaric acid. AHAs exfoliate by loosening the bonds between dead corneum cells and dissolve the intercellular matrix. Acids also stimulates cell renewal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Algae

A

Derived from minerals and photohormones; remineralizes and revitalizes the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Allantoin

A

And anti-inflammatory compound isolated from herb Comfrey; it is used in creams, hand lotion, hair lotion, aftershave, and other skin soothing cosmetics for its ability to heal wounds and skin ulcers and to stimulate the growth of healthy tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aloe vera

A

Most popular botanical used in cosmetic formulation; emollient and film forming gum resin with hydrating, soothing, healing, and anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alpha lipoic acid

A

And natural molecule found in every cell in the body; it is a powerful antioxidant and is soluble in water and oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alum

A

Compound made of aluminum, potassium, or ammonium sulfate with strong astringent action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ampoules

A

Small, sealed vials containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anhydrous

A

Describes products that do not contain any water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aromatherapy

A

Therapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils for beauty and health treatment purposes; involves the use of highly concentrated, nonoily, and volatile essential oils to induce such reactions as relaxation and invigoration, or to simply create a pleasant fragrance during the service

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Astringents

A

Liquids that help remove excess oil on the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Azulene

A

Derived from the chamomile plant and characterized by its deep blue color; has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benzyl peroxide

A

Drying ingredient with antibacterial properties commonly used for blemishes and acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Beta glucans

A

Ingredients used in antiaging cosmetics to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating the formation of collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Beta hydroxy acids

A

Abbreviated BHAs; exfoliating organic acid; salicylic acid, milder than alphahydroxy acid’s (AHA’s). BHA’s dissolve oil and are beneficial for oily skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Binders

A

Substances such as glycerin that bind, or hold, products together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Botanicals

A

Ingredients derived from plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Calendula

A

Anti-inflammatory plant extract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Carbomers

A

Ingredients used to thicken cream; frequently used in gel products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Carrot

A

Rich in vitamins A, commonly derived from seeds and as an oil; also used as product colorant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Certified colors

A

Inorganic color agents also known as metal salts; listed on ingredient labels as D&C (drug and cosmetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chamomile

A

Plant extract with calming and soothing properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chelating agent

A

A chemical added to cosmetics to improve the efficiency of the preservative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chemical exfoliation

A

Chemical agent that dissolves dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix, or “glue”, that holds them together (desmosomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Clay masks

A

Oil absorbing cleaning mask that draws impurities to the surface of the skin as a dry and tighten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cleansers

A

Soaps and detergents that clean the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Coenzyme Q 10

A

Powerful antioxidant that protects and revitalize the skin cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Colorants

A

Substances such as vegetable, pigment, or mineral dyes that give products color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Comedogenicity

A

Tendency of any topical substance to cause or to worsen a build up in the follicle, leading to the to the development of a comedo (blackhead)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cosmeceuticals

A

Products intended to improve the skins health and appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cosmetics

A

As defined by the FDA: articles are intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or otherwise apply to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Delivery systems

A

Systems that deliver ingredients to specific tissues of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Detergents

A

Type of surfactant used as cleansers and skin cleansing products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

DMAE

A

Dimethylaminoethanol; antioxidant that stabilizes cell membranes and boost the effects of other antioxidants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Echinacea

A

Derived of the purple coneflower; prevents infection and has healing properties; used internally to support immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Emollients

A

Oil or fatty ingredients that lubricate, moisturize, and prevent water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Emulsifiers

A

Surfactants that cause oil and water to mix and form an emulsion; an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Enzyme peels

A

Enzyme Products that dissolve keratin proteins (dead skin cells) and exfoliate the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Essential oils

A

Oils derived from herbs; have many different properties and affects on the skin and psyche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Exfoliants

A

Mechanical and chemical products or processes used to exfoliate the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Exfoliation

A

Peeling or sloughing of the outer layer of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Fatty acids

A

Emollients; lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Fatty alcohols

A

Emollients; fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Fatty esters

A

Emollients produced from fatty acids and alcohols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Fragrances

A

Give products their scent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Fresheners

A

Skin freshening lotions with a low alcohol content

46
Q

Functional ingredients

A

Ingredients in cosmetic products allow the products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form such as a lotion, cream, or gel. Preservatives are also functional ingredients

47
Q

Glycerin

A

Formed by a decomposition of oils or fat; excellent skin softener and humectant; very strong water binder; sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

48
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Skin conditioning agents derived from carbohydrates and proteins that enhance cellular metabolism and wound healing

49
Q

Gommage

A

Also known as roll off mask; exfoliating creams that are rubbed off the skin

50
Q

Grapeseed extract

A

Powerful antioxidant was soothing properties

51
Q

Green tea

A

Powerful antioxidant and soothing agent; antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and a stimulant

52
Q

Healing agents

A

Substances such as chamomile or aloe that help to heal the skin

53
Q

Herbs

A

Hundreds of different herbs that contain photohormones are used in skincare products and cosmetics; they heal, stimulate, soothe and Moisturize

54
Q

Horsechestnut

A

Extract containing bioflavonoids; also known as vitamin P. Help strengthen capillary walls; used for Couperose areas or telangiectasia

55
Q

Humectants

A

Ingredients that attract water. Humectant draw moisture to the skin and soften its surface, diminishing lines caused by dryness

56
Q

Hydrators

A

Ingredients that attract water to the skin surface

57
Q

Hydrophilic agents

A

Ingredients to attract water to the skin surface

58
Q

Jojoba

A

Oil widely used in cosmetics; extracted from the bean-like seeds of the desert shrub. Used as a lubricant and noncomedogenic emollient and moisturizer

59
Q

Keratolytic

A

Agent that causes exfoliation, or sloughing, of skin cells

60
Q

Kojic acid

A

Skin brightening agent

61
Q

Lakes

A

Insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material

62
Q

Lanolin

A

Emollient with moisturizing properties; also an emulsifier with high water absorption capabilities

63
Q

Lavender

A

Antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, balancing, energizing, soothing, and healing

64
Q

Licorice

A

Anti-irritant used for sensitive skin; helps lighten pigmentation

65
Q

Lipids

A

Fats or fat like substances; lipids help repair and protect the barrier function if the skin

66
Q

Liposomes

A

Closed-lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific tissues of the skin, and control their release

67
Q

Lubricants

A

Coat the skin and reduce friction; mineral oil is a lubricant

68
Q

Mask

A

Also known as pack or masques; concentrated treatment products often composed of herbs, vitamins, mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, beneficial extracts, and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate, and nourish and treat the skin

69
Q

Mechanical exfoliation

A

Physical method of rubbing dead cells off of the skin

70
Q

Methylparaben

A

One of the most frequently used preservatives because of it’s very low sensitizing potential; combats bacteria and molds; noncomedogenic

71
Q

Mineral oil

A

Lubricant derived from petroleum

72
Q

Modelage mask

A

Also known as thermal mask; thermal heat masks; facial masks containing special crystals if gypsum, a plaster-like ingredient

73
Q

Moisturizers

A

Products formulated to add moisture to the skin

74
Q

Noncertified colors

A

Colors that are organic, meaning they come from animal or plant extracts; they can also be natural mineral pigments

75
Q

Oil soluble

A

Compatible with oil

76
Q

Olfactory system

A

Gives us out sense of smell, which is the strongest of the five senses

77
Q

Papaya

A

Natural enzyme used for exfoliation and in enzyme peels

78
Q

Parabens

A

One if the most commonly used groups if preservatives in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries; provide bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity against a diverse number of organisms

79
Q

Paraffin wax masks

A

Masks used to warm the skin and promote penetration of ingredients through the heat trapped under the surface of the paraffin

80
Q

Peptides

A

Chains of amino acids that stimulate fibroblasts, cell metabolism, collagen, and improve skins firmness. Larger chains are called polypeptides

81
Q

Performance ingredients

A

Ingredients in cosmetic products that cause the actual change in the appearance of the skin

82
Q

Petroleum jelly

A

Occlusive agent that restores the barrier layer by holding in water; used after laser surgery to protect the skin while healing

83
Q

pH adjusters

A

Acids it alkalis (bases) used to adjust the pH of products

84
Q

Phytotherapy

A

Use of plant extracts for therapeutic benefits

85
Q

Polyglucans

A

Ingredients derived from yeast cells that help strengthen the immune system and stimulate the metabolism; also hydrophilic and help preserve and protect collagen and elastin

86
Q

Polymers

A

Chemical compounds formed by combining a number of small molecules (monomers) into long chain like structures; advanced vehicles that release substances onto the skin surface at a microscopically controlled rate

87
Q

Potassium hydroxide

A

Strong alkali used in soaps and creams

88
Q

Preservatives

A

Chemical agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms and cosmetic formulations. These kill bacteria and prevent products from spoiling

89
Q

Propylene glycol

A

Humectant often used in dry – or sensitive skin moisturizers

90
Q

Quaternium 15

A

All purpose preservative active against mold, and yeast. It is probably the greatest formaldehyde releaser among cosmetic preservatives; may cause dermatitis and allergies

91
Q

Retinol

A

Natural form of vitamin a; stimulate cell repair and helps to normalize skin cells by generating new cells

92
Q

Rose

A

Credited with moisturizing, astringent, tonic, and deodorant properties; found in the forms of rose extract, oil, or water

93
Q

Salicylic acid

A

Beta hydroxy acid with exfoliating and antiseptic properties; natural sources include Sweet birch, willow bark, and wintergreen

94
Q

Seaweed

A

Seaweed derivatives such as algae have many nurishing properties; known for its humectant and moisturizing properties, vitamin content, metabolism stimulation and detoxification, and aiding skin firmness

95
Q

Serums

A

Concentrated liquid ingredients for the skin designed to penetrate and treat various skin conditions

96
Q

Silicones

A

Oil that is chemically combined with silicon and oxygen and leaves a noncomedogenic protective film on the surface of the skin

97
Q

Sodium bicarbonate

A

Baking soda; and alkaline and organic salt used as a buffering agent, neutralizer, and a pH adjuster

98
Q

Sorbitol

A

Humectant that absorbs moisture from the air to prevent skin dryness

99
Q

Sphingolipids

A

Ceramides, or lipid material, that are a natural part of the intercellular matrix. Glycosphingolipid’s and phospholipids are also natural lipids found in the barrier layer

100
Q

Squalene

A

Derived from olives; desensitizes and nourishes, and emollient

101
Q

Squalene

A

Originally from shark liver oil; also occurs in small amounts in olive oil, wheat germ oil, and rice bran oil; also found in human sebum. A lubricant and perfume fixative

102
Q

Stem cells

A

Derived from plants to protect or stimulate our own skin stem cells; for health and antiaging benefits

103
Q

Sulfur

A

Sulfur reduces oil gland activity and dissolves the skin surface layer of dry, dead cells. This ingredient is commonly used in acne products

104
Q

Sun protection factor

A

Abbreviated SPF; ability of a product to delay sun induced erythema, the visible sign of sun damage. The SPF rating is based only on UVB protection, not UVA exposure

105
Q

Tea tree

A

Soothing and antiseptic; antifungal properties

106
Q

Tissue respiratory factor

A

Abbreviated TRF; ingredient derived from yeast cells that functions as an anti-inflammatory and moisturizing ingredients

107
Q

Titanium dioxide

A

Inorganic physical sunscreen that reflects UV radiation

108
Q

Toners

A

Also known as fresheners or astringents; liquids designed to tone and tighten the skin’s surface

109
Q

Urea

A

Properties include enhancing the penetration abilities of other substances; anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and deodorizing action that protects the skin surface and helps maintain healthy skin

110
Q

Vehicles

A

Spreading agents and ingredients that carry or deliver other ingredients into the skin and make them more effective

111
Q

Water soluble

A

Mixable with water

112
Q

Witch hazel

A

Extracted from the bark of the hamamelis shrub; can be a soothing agent or, in a higher concentrations, an astringent

113
Q

Zinc oxide

A

Inorganic physical sunscreen that reflects UVA radiation. Also used to protect, sooth and heal the skin; is somewhat astringent, antiseptic, and antibacterial

Miladys Chapter 13-chemistry (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions