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Miladys Chapter 7-chemistry > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

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0
Q

Acid – alkali neutralization reactions

A

When an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions to neutralize each other and form water (H2O) and a salt

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1
Q

Acid mantle

A

Protective barrier of lipids and secretions on the surface of the skin

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2
Q

Acids

A

Substances that have a pH below 7.0, taste sour, and turn litmus paper from blue to red

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3
Q

Air

A

The gaseous mixture that makes up the earths atmosphere. It is odorless, colorless, and generally consists of about 1 part oxygen and 4 parts nitrogen by volume

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4
Q

Alkalis

A

Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts; have a pH of 7.0 (neutral), taste bitter, and turned litmus paper from red to blue

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5
Q

Anion

A

An ion with a negative electrical charge

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6
Q

Antioxidants

A

Used to stabilize skincare products by preventing oxidation that would otherwise cause a product to turn rancid and decompose. They are vitamin such as A, C, and E which can be applied topically in products or taken internally to increase healthy body functions

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7
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest chemical compound (often called particles) of an element that still retains the properties of that element

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8
Q

Cation

A

Ion with a positive electrical charge

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9
Q

Chemical change

A

Change in the chemical properties of a substance that is the result of a chemical reaction in which a new substance or substances are formed that have properties different from the original

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10
Q

Chemical compounds

A

Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements united chemically with a fixed chemical composition, definite proportion, and distinct properties

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11
Q

Chemical properties

A

Those characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a change in the identity of the substance

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12
Q

Chemistry

A

Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

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13
Q

Combustion

A

Rapid oxidation of any substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light

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14
Q

Compound molecules

A

Also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more Atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportion

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15
Q

Element

A

The simplest form of matter; cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity

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16
Q

Elemental molecules

A

Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element definite (fixed) proportions

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17
Q

Emulsions

A

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally would not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called and emulsifier

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18
Q

Free radicals

A

Unstable molecules that cause inflammation, disease, and biochemical aging in the body, especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin. Free radicals are super oxidizers that cause an oxidation reaction and produce a new free radical in the process that are created by highly reactive Atoms or molecules (often oxygen)

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19
Q

Gases

A

Matter without a definite shape or size. No fixed volume or shape; takes the shape of its container

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20
Q

Hydrogen

A

Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas; the lightest element known

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21
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen, a colorless liquid with a characteristic order and a slightly acid taste

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22
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Easley absorbs moisture; in chemistry terms, capable of combining with or attracting water (water loving)

23
Q

Hydroxide

A

And anion (an ion with a negative electrical charge) with one oxygen and one hydrogen atom

24
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

25
Q

Inorganic chemistry

A

The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

26
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

27
Q

Ionization

A

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive or negative ions

28
Q

Lipophilic

A

Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil loving)

29
Q

Liquids

A

Matter that has volume, no definite shape and will take shape of its container, such as water

30
Q

Logarithmic scale

A

A method of displaying data and multiples of 10

31
Q

Matter

A

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

32
Q

Miscible

A

Capable of being mixed; liquids are mutually soluble meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

33
Q

Molecule

A

A chemical combination of two or more atoms

34
Q

Nitrogen

A

A colorless gaseous element that makes up about 4/5 of the air in our atmosphere and is found In our atmosphere and is found chiefly in ammonia and nitrates

35
Q

Oil–in–water (0/W) emulsion

A

Oil droplets disbursed in a water with the aid of an emulsifying agent

36
Q

Organic chemistry

A

Study of substances that contain carbon

37
Q

Oxidation

A

Either the addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen; a chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide

38
Q

Oxidation reduction

A

Also known as redox; chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

39
Q

Oxidize

A

To combine or cause a substance to combine with oxygen

40
Q

Oxygen

A

The most abundant element on earth

41
Q

pH

A

The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen; relative degree of acidity and alkalinity the other substance. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

42
Q

pH scale

A

A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being a neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution; a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution

43
Q

Physical change

A

Change in the form of physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the formation of a new substance

44
Q

Physical mixtures

A

Combination of two or more substances united physically, not chemically, without a fixed composition and in any proportions

45
Q

Physical properties

A

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction that do not cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance

46
Q

Redox reactions

A

Chemical reaction which in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

47
Q

Reduction

A

The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance or a chemical reaction

48
Q

Solids

A

A state of matter that is rigid with a definite size and shape such as ice

49
Q

Solute

A

A substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution

50
Q

Solutions

A

A uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances

51
Q

Solvent

A

A substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution

52
Q

States of matter

A

The three different physical forms of matter: solid, liquid, and gas

53
Q

Surfactants

A

Acronym for surface active agent; reduce surface tension between the skin and the product to increase product spreadability; allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify

54
Q

Suspensions

A

Unstable mixtures of two or more immiscible substances

55
Q

Water

A

Most abundant of all substances, compromising about 75% of the earth’s surface and about 65% of the human body

56
Q

Water–in-oil (W/O) emulsion

A

Droplets of water dispersed in an oil

Miladys Chapter 7-chemistry (1 decks)

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