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Miladys Chapter 10- Anatomy > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

0
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts, sometimes called goosebumps and papillae

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1
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the under arm and genital areas that secrete sweat

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2
Q

Barrier function

A

Protective barrier of epidermis; the corneum and intracellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration

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3
Q

Ceramides

A

Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skins intercellular matrix and barrier function

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4
Q

Collagen

A

Fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin it’s firmness. Topically, large, Long chain molecular protein that lies on the top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows and other sources

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5
Q

Corner cures

A

Another name for a stratum corneum cell. Hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; these dead protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei

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6
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Membranes of ridges and grooves that attached to the epidermis, contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles

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7
Q

Dermis

A

Also known as the derma, Coriam, cutis, or true skin; support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis

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8
Q

Desmosomes

A

The structures that assist in holding cells together; intracellular connections made of proteins

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9
Q

Eccrine glands

A

Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an offensive odor

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10
Q

Elastin

A

Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin it’s elasticity and firmness

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11
Q

Epidermal growth factor

A

Abbreviated EGF; stimulates cells to reproduce and heal

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12
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings. It is made up of five layers: stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, and Stratum germinativum

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13
Q

Eumelanin

A

A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color. People with dark colored skin mostly produce eumelanin. There are two types of melanin; the other type is pheomelanin

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14
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids to form proteins

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15
Q

Follicles

A

Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tubelike openings in the epidermis

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16
Q

Glycation

A

Caused by an elevation and blood sugar, glycation is the binding of the protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures, known as advanced glycation end products a.k.a. AGES. Glycation alters protein structures and decrease biological activity

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17
Q

Hair Papillae

A

Cone shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb. The papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment

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18
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

Hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water binding properties

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19
Q

Hydrolipidic

A

Hydrolipidic film is an oil-water balance that protects the skin surface

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20
Q

Intercellular matrix

A

Lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation

21
Q

Keratin

A

Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails; provides resiliency and protection

22
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins

23
Q

Langerhans immune cells

A

Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system

24
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites. these white blood cells also respond to allergies

25
Q

Lymph vessels

A

Located in the dermis, the supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste

26
Q

Melanin

A

Tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the Stratham Germintavum layer of epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis. It is a protein that determines hair, eye, and skin color; a defense mechanism to protect skin from the sun

27
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer

28
Q

Melanosomes

A

Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein

29
Q

Papillary layer

A

Top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis

30
Q

Pheomelanin

A

A type of melanin that is red and yellow in color. People with light-colored skin mostly produce pheomelanin. These are two types of melanin; the other is eumelanin

31
Q

Pores

A

Tubelike opening for sweat glands on the epidermis

32
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous sweat glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous oil glands, and nerve endings

33
Q

Rosacea

A

Chronic condition that occurs primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and, in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules

34
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Also known as oil glands; protect the surface of the skin. Sebaceous glands are appendages connected to follicles

35
Q

Sebum

A

Oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair

36
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Also known as horny layer; outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes

37
Q

Stratum Germintavum

A

Also known as basal cell layer; active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth

38
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granule; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum

39
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet

40
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Also known as spiny layer; layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum (basal) layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins

41
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Also known as hypodermis; subcutaneous adopose (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and energy storage for the body

42
Q

Subcutis tissue

A

Also known as adipose tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin

43
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals

44
Q

T cells

A

Identify molecules that have foreign peptides and also help regulate immune responses

45
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Capillaries I have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels; commonly called couperose skin

46
Q

Transepidermal water loss

A

Abbreviated TEWL; water loss caused by evaporation on the skin surface

47
Q

Tyrosinase

A

The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and that produces melanin

48
Q

UVA radiation

A

Also known as aging rays; longer wavelengths raging between 320 to 400 nm that penetrate deeper into the skin then UVB; cause genetic damage and cell death. UVA contribute up to 95% of the suns ultraviolet radiation

49
Q

UVB radiation

A

Also known as burning rays; UVB wavelengths range between 290 to 320 nm. UVB rays have shorter, burning wavelength that are stronger and more damaging than UVA rays. UVB causes burning of the skin as well as tanning, skin aging, and cancer

Miladys Chapter 10- Anatomy (1 decks)

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