Glossary Flashcards
A set of conditions that is required to be met before deliverables are accepted.
Acceptance Criteria
Product, results, or capabilities produced by a project and validated by the project or customer or sponsor as meeting their specified acceptance criteria.
Accepted Deliverables
Within the quality management system, this is an assessment of correctness.
Accuracy
The process of confirming human resources availability and obtaining the team necessary to complete project activities.
Acquire Project Team
Obtaining human an material resources necessary to perform project activities. Acquisition implies a cost of resources, and is not necessarily financial.
Acquisition
A distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during the course of a project.
Activity
Multiple attributes associated with each schedule activity that can be included within the activity list. Include activity codes, predecessor activities, successor activities, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, imposed dates, constraints, and assumptions.
Activity Attributes
One or more numerical or text values that identify characteristics of the work or in some way categorize the schedule activity that allows filtering and ordering of activities within reports.
Activity Code
The projected cost of the schedule activity that includes the cost for all resources required to perform and complete the activity, including all cost types and cost components.
Activity Cost Estimates
The time in calendar units between the start and finish of a schedule activity. Also known as duration.
Activity Duration
A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome for the duration of an activity.
Activity Duration Estimate
A short, unique numeric or text identification assigned to each schedule activity to differentiate that project activity from other activities. Typically unique within any one project schedule network diagram.
Activity Identifier
A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work description so project team members understand what work is to be performed.
Activity List
See project schedule network diagram.
Activity Network Diagrams
See precedence diagramming method (PDM)
Activity-on-Node (AON)
The types and quantities of resources required for each activity in a work package.
Activity Resource Requirements
The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a specific time period.
Actual Cost (AC)
The time in calendar units between the actual start date of the schedule activity and either the data date of the project schedule if the schedule activity is in progress or the actual finish date if the schedule activity is completed.
Actual Duration
A project life cycle, also known as change-driveen or agile method, that is intended to facilitate change and require a high degrees of ongoing stakeholder involvement. Adaptive life cycles are also iterative and incremental, but differ in that iterations are very rapid (usually 2-4 weeks in length) and are fixed in time and resources.
Adaptive Life Cycle
A set of tools used to define the quality requirements and to plan effective quality management activities. They include, but are not limited to: brainstorming, force field analysis, nominal group techniques and quality management and control tools.
Additional Quality Planning Tools
A technique used to find ways to bring project activities that are behind into alignment with plan during project execution.
Adjusting Leads and Lags
The process of calling public attention to a project or effort.
Advertising
A group creativity technique that allows large number of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis.
Affinity Diagrams
Any document or communication that defines the initial intentions of the project. This can take the form of a contract, memorandum of understanding (MOM), letters of agreement, verbal agreements, email, etc.
Agreements
A technique use to evaluate identified options in order to select which options or approaches to use to execute and perform the work of the project.
Alternative Analysis
A technique used to develop as many potential options as possible in order to identify different approaches to execute and perform the work of the project.
Alternatives Generation
A technique for estimating the duration of cost of an activity or a project using historical data from a similar activity or project.
Analogous Estimating
Various techniques used to evaluate, analyze, or forecast potential outcomes based on possible variations of project or environmental variables and their relationships with other variables
Analytical Techniques
A category of projects that have common components significant in such projects, but are not needed or present in all projects. Are usually defined in terms of either the product (i.e., by similar technologies or production methods) or the type of customer (i.e., interval vs. external, government vs. commercial) or industry sector (i.e., utilities, automotive, aerospace, information technologies, etc.) Area can overlap.
Application Area
A technique that is used to adjust the amount of time between predecessor and successor activities.
Applying Leads and Lags
An activity where effort is allotted proportionately across certain discrete efforts and not divisible into discrete efforts [Note: Apportioned effort is one of three earned value management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work performance]
Apportioned Effort
A change request that has been processed through the integrated change control process and approved.
Approved Change Request
A review of the change request to verify that these are implemented as approved.
Approved Change Request Review
A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real, or certain, without proof or demonstration.
Assumption
A technique that explores the accuracy of assumptions and identifies risks to the project from inaccuracy, inconsistency, or incompleteness of assumptions.
Assumption Analysis
Method of measuring quality that consists of noting the presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration. After each unit is inspected, the decision is made to accept a lot, reject it or inspect another unit.
Attribute Sampling
The right to apply project resources, expend funds, make decisions, or give approvals.
Authority
A listing of product requirements and deliverables to be completed, written as stories, and prioritized by the business to manage and organize the project’s work.
Backlog
A critical path method technique for calculating the late start and late finish dates by working backward through the schedule model from the project end date
Backward Pass
A graphic display of schedule-related information. In the typical bar chart, schedule activities or work breakdown structure components are listed down the left side of the chart, dates are show across the top, and activity durations are show as date-placed horizontal bars. See also Gantt Chart.
Bar Chart
The approved version of a work product that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison
Baseline
Supporting documentation outlining the details used in establishing project estimates such as assumptions, constraints, level of detail, ranges, and confidence levels.
Basis of Estimates
The comparison of actual or planned practices, such as processes and operations, to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Benchmarking
The meeting with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a bid or proposal to ensure all prospective vendors have a clear and common understanding of the procurement. Also known as contractor conferences, vendor conferences, or pre-bid conferences.
Bidder Conference
A method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates of the lower level components of the work breakdown structure (WBS)
Bottom-Up Estimating
A general data gathering and creativity technique that can be used to identify risks, ideas, or solutions to issues by using a group of team members or subject matter experts.
Brainstorming
The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure component or any schedule activity.
Budget
The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed
Budget at Completion (BAC)
See Reserve
Buffer
A documented economic feasibility study used to establish validity of the benefits of a elected component lacking sufficient definition and that is used as a basis for the authorization of further project management activities
Business Case
A concept that is unique to each organization and includes tangible and intangible elements. Through the effective use of project, program and portfolio management disciplines, organizations will possess the ability to employ reliable, established processes to meet enterprise objectives and obtain greater business value from their investments.
Business Value
The acquirer of products, services, or results for an organization.
Buyer
A decomposition technique that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its root cause. Also known as a FishBone Diagram.
Cause and Effect Diagram
A property whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected.
Central Tendency
A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the projects are identified, documented, approved or rejected.
Change Control
A formally charted group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project, and for recording and communicating such decisions.
Change Control Board (CCB)
A set of procedures that describe how modifications to the project deliverables and documentation are managed and controlled. Under Configuration Management System
Change Control System
Manual or automated tools to assist with change and/or configuration management. At a minimum, the tools should support the activities of the CCB.
Change Control Tools
A comprehensive list of changes made during the project. This typically includes dates of the change and impacts in terms of time, cost and risk.
Change Log
A formal proposal to modify any document, deliverable, or baseline.
Change Request
See Project Charter
Charter
A technique for systematically reviewing materials using a list for accuracy and completeness.
Checklist Analysis
A tally sheet that can be used as a checklist when gathering data.
Checksheets
A request, demand, or assertion of rights by a seller against a buyer, or vice vera, for consideration, compensation, or payment under the terms of a legally biding contract, such as for a disputed change.
Claim
The process of processing, adjudicating, and communicating contract claims
Claims Administration
The process of completing each project procurement
Close Procurement
The process of finalizing the all activities across all of the Project Management Process Groups to formally complete a project or phase.
Close Project or Phase
Project contracts or other procurement agreements that have been formally acknowledged by the proper authorizing agent as being finalized and signed off.
Closing Process Group
A numbering system used to uniquely identify each component of the WBS
Code of Accounts
The process of determining, documenting, and managing stakeholder needs and requirements to meet project objectives.
Collect Requirements
An organizational placement strategy where the project team members are physically located close to one another in order to improve communication, working relationships, and productivity.
Colocation
Restrictions on the content, timing, audience, or individual who will deliver a communication usually stemming from specific legislation or regulation, technology, or organizational policies.
Communication Constraints
A systematic procedure, technique, or process used to transfer information amount project stakeholders.
Communication Methods
A description, analogy or schematic used to represent how the communication process will be performed for the project.
Communication Models
An analytical technique to determine the information needs of the project stakeholders through interviews, workshops, study of lessons learned from previous projects, etc.
Communication Requirements Analysis
Specific tools, systems, computer programs, etc., used to transfer information among project stakeholders.
Communication Technology
A component of the project, program or portfolio management plan that describes how, when and by who information about the project will be administered and disseminated.
Communication Management Plan
A general concept of conforming to a rule, standard, law or requirement such that the assessment of compliance results in a binomial result stated as “complaint” or “noncompliant”
Compliance
The process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a seller, and awarding a contract.
Conduct Procurements
A subsystem of the overall project management system. It is a collection of formal documented procedures used to apply technical and administrative direction and surveillance to: identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a product, result, services, or component; control any changes to such characteristics; record and report each change and its implementation status; and support the audit of the products, results, or components to verify conformance to requirements. It includes the documentation, tracking systems, and defined approval levels necessary for authorizing and controlling changes. An umbrella - all changes are captured, analyzed and reported.
Configuration Management System
Handling, controlling, and guiding a conflictual situation to achieve a resolution.
Conflict Management
Within the quality management system, conformance is a general concept of delivering results that fall within the limits that define acceptable variations for a quality requirement.
Conformance
In the cost of quality framework, conformance work is done to compensate for imperfections that prevent organizations from completing planned activities correctly as essential first-time work. Conformance works consists of course of actions that are related to prevention and inspection.
Conformance Work
A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project, program, portfolio, or process.
Constraints
A visual depiction of the product scope showing a business system (process, equipment, computer system, etc.) and how people and other systems (actors) interact with it.
Context Diagram
An event or occurrence that could affect the execution of the project that may be accounted for with a reserve.
Contingency
See reserve
Contingency Allowance
Budget within the cost baseline or performance measurement baseline that is allocated for identified risks that are accepted and for which contingent or mitigating responses are developed.
Contingency Reserve
Responses provided which may be used in the event that a specify trigger occurs
Contingent Response Strategies
A mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified product or service or result and obligates the buyer to pay for it.
Contract
The system used to collect, track, adjudicate, and communicate changes to a contract.
Contract Change Control System
Comparing actual performance with planned performance, analyzing variances, assessing trends to effect process improvements, evaluating possible alternatives, and recommending appropriate corrective action as needed.
Control
A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost and schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement.
Control Account
A graphic display of process data over time and against established control limits, which has a centerline that assists in detecting a trend of plotted value toward either control limit.
Control Chart
The process of monitoring and controlling communications throughout the entire project life cycle to ensure the information needs of the project stakeholders are met.
Control Communications
The process of monitoring the status of the project to update the project costs and managing changes to the cost baseline.
Control Costs
The area composed of three standard deviations on either side of the centerline or mean of a normal distribution of data plotted on a control chart, which reflects the expected variation in the data. See also specification limits.
Control Limits
The process of managing procurement relationships, monitoring contract performance, and making changes and corrections as appropriate.
Control Procurement
The process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes.
Control Quality
The process of implementing risk response plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project.
Control Risks
The process of monitoring the status of project activities to update project progress and manage changes to the schedule baseline to achieve the plan.
Control Schedule
The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline.
Control Scope
The process of monitoring overall project stakeholder relationships and adjusting strategies and plans for engaging stakeholders.
Control Stakeholder Engagement
An intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan.
Corrective Action
Summing the lower-level cost estimates associated with the various work packages for a given level within the project’s WBS or of a given cost control account.
Cost Aggregation
The approved versions of the time-phased project budget, excluding any management reserves, which can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results.
Cost Baseline
A component of a project or program management plan that describes how cost will be planned, structured, and controlled.
Cost Management Plan
A method of determining the costs incurred to ensure quality. Prevention and appraisal costs (cost of conformance) include costs for quality planning, quality control, and quality assurance to ensure compliance to requirements (i.e., training, quality control systems, etc.) Failure costs (cost of nonconformance) include costs to rework product, components, or processes that are non-compliant, costs of warranty work and waste, and lost of reputation.
Cost of Quality
A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost.
Cost Performance Index (CPI)
A category of contract that involves payments to the seller for all legitimate actual costs incurred for completed work, plus an award fee representing seller profile.
Cost Plus Award Fee Contracts (CPAF)
A type of cost reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburse the seller for the seller’s allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract) plus a fixed amount of profit (fee)
Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract (CPFF)
A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburse the seller for the seller’s allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract) and the seller earns its profit if it meets defined performance criteria.
Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract (CPIF)
The amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time, expressed as the difference between the earned value and the actual cost.
Cost Variance (CV)
A financial analysis tool used to determine the benefits provided by a project against its costs.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
A type of contract involving payment to the seller for the seller’s actual costs, plus a fee typically representing seller’s profit. Cost-reimbursable contracts often include incentive clause where, if the seller meets or exceeds selected project objectives, such as schedule targets or total cost, then the seller receives from the buyer an incentive or bonus payment.
Cost-Reimbursable Contract
A technique used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources.
Crashing
The process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components.
Create WBS
Standards, rules, or tests on which a judgement or decision can be baed or by which a product, service, result or process can be evaluated.
Criteria
A schedule method that allows the project team to place buffers on any project schedule path to account for limited resources and project uncertainties.
Critical Chain Method
The sequence of activities that represent the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest possible durations.
Critical Path
Any activity on the critical path in a project schedule.
Critical Path Activity
A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model.
Critical Path Method.
The person(s) or organization(s) that will pay for the project’s product, service, or result. Can be internal or external to the performing organization
Customers
Within the quality management system, a state of fulfillment in which the needs of a customer are met or exceeded for the customer’s expected experiences as assessed by the customer at the moment of evaluation.
Customer Satisfaction
A point in time when the status of the project is recorded.
Data Date
A diagramming and calculation technique for evaluating the implication of a change of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.
Decision Tree Analysis
A technique used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts.
Decomposition
An imperfection or deficiency in a project component where that component does not meet its requirements or specifications and needs to be either repaired or replaced.
Defect
An intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component.
Defect Repair
The process of identifying and documenting the specific actions to be performed to produce the project deliverables.
Define Activities
The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.
Define Scope
Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project.
Deliverable
An information gathering technique used as a way to reach consensus of experts on a subject. Experts on the subject participate in this technique anonymously. A facilitator uses a questionnaire to solicit ideas about the important project points related to the subject. The responses are summarized and are then recirculated to the experts for further comment. Consensus may be reached in a few rounds of this process. Helps reduce bias in data and keeps any one person from having undue influence on the outcome.
Delphi Technique
A logical relationship between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone.
Dependency
A technique used to identify the type of dependency that is used to create the logical relationship between predecessor and successor activities.
Dependency Determination
A statistical method fo identifying which factor may influence specific variables of a product or process under development or in production.
Design of Experiments
The process of aggregating the estimated cost of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline
Determine Budget
The process of developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.
Develop Project Charter
The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all subsidiary plans and integrating them into a comprehensive project management plan.
Develop Project Management Plan
The process of improving competencies, team member interaction, and overall team environment to create the project schedule model.
Develop Project Team
The process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule model
Develop Schedule
Approaches to presenting information with logical linkages that aid in understanding.
Diagramming Techniques
A group decision making technique in which one individual makes the decision for the group.
Dictatorship
The process of learning and performing the work defined in the project management plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the project’s objectives.
Develop and Manage Project Work
An activity that can be planned and measured and that yields a specific output. Is one of the three earned value management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work performance.
Discrete Effort
A relationship that is established based on knowledge of best practice within a particular application area or an aspect of the project where a specified sequence is desired.
Discretionary Dependency
An elicitation technique that analyzes existing documentation and identifies information relevant to the requirements.
Document Analysis
The process of gathering a corpus of information and reviewing it to determine accuracy and completeness.
Documentation Reviews
The total number of work periods (not including holidays or other nonworking periods) required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component. Usually expressed as workdays or work weeks. Sometimes incorrectly equated with elapsed time. Contrast with effort.
Duration (DU or DUR)
In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and nay schedule constraints.
Early Finish Date (EF)
In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portion of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the data date and any schedule constraints.
Early Start Date (ES)
The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work.
Earned Value (EV)
A methodology that combines scope, schedule and resource measurements to assess project performance and process.
Earned Value Management
The number of labor units required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component, often expressed in hours, days, or weeks.
Effort
The capability to identify, assess, an manage the personal emotions of oneself and other people, as well as the collective emotions of groups of people.
Emotional Intelligence
Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program or portfolio
Enterprise Environmental Factors
A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome. Usually applied to project costs, resources, effort and durations and is usually preceded by a modifier (i.e., preliminary, conceptual, feasibility, order-of-magnitude, definitive) It should always include some indication of accuracy (e.g., + or - percent. See also budget and cost.
Estimate
The process of estimating the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities with estimated resources.
Estimate Activity Durations
The process of estimating the type and quantities of material, human resources, equipment, or supplies required to perform each activity.
Estimate Activity Resources
The expected total cost of completing all work expressed as the sums of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete.
Estimate at Completion (EAC)
The process of developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete project activities.
Estimate Cost
The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.
Estimate to Complete (ETC)
Directing, managing, performing, and accomplishing the project work; providing the deliverables; and providing work performance information.
Execute
Those processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project specifications.
Executing Process Group
A statistical technique that calculates the average outcome when the future includes scenarios that may or may not happen. A common use of this technique is within decision tree analysis.
Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Analysis
Judgment provided based upon expertise in an application area, knowledge area, discipline, industry, etc., as appropriate for the activity being performed. Such expertise may be provided by any group or person with specialized education, knowledge, skill, experience or training.
Expert Judgement
A relationship between project activities and non-project activities.
External Dependency
An elicitation technique using focused sessions that bring key cross-functinoal stakeholders together to define product requirements.
Facilitated Workshops
An analytical procedure in which each potential failure mode in every component of a product is analyzed to determine its effect on the reliability of that component and, by itself or in combination with other possible failure modes, on the reliability of the product or system and on the required function of the component; or the examination of a product (at the system and/or lower levels) for all ways that a failure may occur. For each potential failure, an estimate is made of its effect on the total system and of its impact. In addition, a review is undertaken of the action planned to minimize the probability of failure and to minimize its effects.
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
Include an alternative set of actions and tasks available in the event that the primary plan needs to be abandoned because issues, risks, or other causes.
Fallback Plan
A schedule compression technique in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.
Fast Tracking
Represents profit as a component of compensation to a seller
Fee
A point in time associated with a schedule activity’s completion. Usually qualified by one of the following: actual, planned, estimated, scheduled, early, late, baseline, target, or current
Finish Date
A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished.
Finish-to-Finish (FF)
A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has finished.
Finish-to-Start (FS)
A type of fixed price contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount as defined by the contract, regardless of the seller’s cost.
Firm-Fixed-Price Contract (FFP)
A decomposition technique that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its root cause. Also known as Cause and Effect Diagram
Fishbone Diagram
An earned value method for assigning a specified percentage of budget value for a work package to the start milestone of the work package with the remaining budget value percentage assigned when the work package is complete.
Fixed Formula Method
A type of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract) and the seller can each an additional amount if the seller meets defined performance criteria.
Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract (FPIF)
A fixed price contract, but with a special provision allowing for predefined final adjustments to the contract price due to change conditions, such as inflation changes or increases or decreases for specific commodities.
Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contracts (FP-EPA)
An agreement that sets the fee that will be paid for a defined scope of work regardless of the cost or effort to deliver it.
Fixed-Price Contracts
The amount of time that a scheduled activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any successor or violating a schedule constraint.
Free Float
The depiction in a diagram format of the input, process actions, and outputs of one or more processes within a system.
Flowchart
An elicitation technique that brings together pre qualified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed project, service, or result.
Focus Group
An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the project’s future based on information and knowledge available at the time of the forecast. The information is baed on the project’s past performance and expected future performances, and includes information that could impact the project in the future, such as estimate at completion and estimate to complete.
Forecast
A critical path method technique for calculating the early start and early finish dates by working forward through the schedule model from the project start date or a given point in time.
Forward Pass
Someone with management authority over an organizational unit within a functional organization. The manager of any group that actually makes a product or performs a service. Sometimes called a line manager.
Functional Manager
A hierarchical organization where each employee has one clear superior, and staff are grouped by areas of specialization and managed by a person with expertise in that area.
Functional Organization
The process of comparing the planned expenditure of project funds against any limits on the commitment of funds for the project to identify any variances between the funding limits and the planned expenditures.
Funding Limit Reconciliation
A bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, date are shown on the horizontal axis, and activity duration are show as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates.
Gantt Chart
A category or rank used to distinguish items that have the same functional use (e.g., “hammer”) but do not share the same requirements for quality (e.g., different hammers may need to withstand different amounts of force)
Grade
Expectations regarding acceptable behavior by project team members.
Ground Rules
Techniques that are used to generate ideas within a group of stakeholders.
Group Creativity Techniques
Techniques to assess multiple alternatives that will be used to generate, classify, and prioritize product requirements.
Group Decision-Making Techniques
An official recommendation or advice that indicates polices, standards, or procedures for how something should be accomplished.
Guideline
A group of related schedule activities aggregated and displayed as a single activity. Also known as Summary Activity
Hammock Activity
A relationship that is contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work. Also known as Mandatory Dependency.
Hard Logic
A special form of bar chat used to describe the central tendency, dispersion, and shape of a statistical distribution.
Histogram
Documents and data on prior projects including project files, records, correspondence, closed contracts, and closed projects.
Historical Information
A component of the project management plan that describes how the roles and responsibilities, reporting relationship and staff management will be addressed and structured.
Human Resource Management Plan
Technique used to consolidate ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and to generate a new ideas.
Idea/Mind Mapping
The process of determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their characteristics.
Identify Risks
The process of identifying the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by a decision, activity, or out of the project; and analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence and potential impact on project success.
Identify Stakeholders
A fixed date imposed on a schedule activity or schedule milestone, usually in the form of a “start no earlier than” and “finish no later than” date.
Imposed Date
A set of financial incentives related to cost, schedule, or technical performance of the seller.
Incentive Fee
A project life cycle where the project scope is generally determined early in the project life cycle, but time and cost estimates are routinely modified as the project team’s understanding of the product increases. Iterations develop the product through a series of repeated cycles, while increments successively add to the functionality of the project.
Incremental Life Cycle
