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Biology GCSE AQA > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

What is accuracy?

A

A measurement is accurate if it is close to its true value.

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2
Q

What is acid rain?

A

Acid rain is rain that is acid due to dissolved gasses, such as sulphur dioxide being burnt from fossil fuels.

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3
Q

What is an active site?

A

The site on an enzyme in which the reactants bind.

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4
Q

What is Active transport?

A

The movement of substances against the concentration gradient or across a cell membrane.

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5
Q

What is adaptation?

A

A special feature which makes an organism suited to their environment.

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6
Q

What is adult cell cloning?

A

A process in which the nucleus of an adult cell is placed inside an empty egg from another animal, this embryo is then placed within the uterus of a third animal.

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7
Q

What is Aerobic respiration?

A

Breaking down food using oxygen to release energy for the cells.

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8
Q

What is agar?

A

The jelly of nutrients in which scientists use to grow microorganisms.

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9
Q

What are algal cells?

A

The cells of algae, they are single cells that have the ability to photosynthesise.

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10
Q

What is an Allele?

A

A version of a particular gene.

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11
Q

What are Alveoli?

A

The tiny air sacs in the lungs which increase surface area for gas exchange.

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12
Q

What are Amino acids?

A

The building blocks of protein.

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13
Q

What is amylase?

A

The enzyme made in the salivary glands and the pancreas that breaks down starch into simple sugars.

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14
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

The breaking down of food with out the use of oxygen to produce energy for the cells, this will also produce lactic acids.

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15
Q

What is an antibiotic?

A

A drug that destroys bacteria in the body with out killing any body cells.

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16
Q

What is an antigen?

A

An antigen is a unique protein that provokes an adaptive response towards pathogens within the body.

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17
Q

What is an aorta?

A

The main artery leaving the left ventricle carrying oxygenated blood to the body.

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18
Q

What is an artery?

A

A blood vessel which usually carries oxygenated blood from the heart and has a pulse.

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19
Q

What is asexual budding?

A

A form of asexual production where the offspring forms as a bud on the parent organism, I.e yeast.

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20
Q

What is asexual production?

A

It is where offspring are produced by only one parent and does not require fusing of gametes. The offspring are identical to the parent.

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21
Q

What is the Atria and how do the right and left operate?

A

The small upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the body and the left receives blood from the lungs.

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22
Q

What is an auxin?

A

A plant hormone that controls how the plant reacts to light and gravity.

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23
Q

What is the shape of a biconcave disk?

A

The shape of red blood cells.

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24
Q

What is bile?

A

A yellow-green substance made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It is released into the small intestine and emulsifies fats.

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25
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The range of organisms found in a specific area or habitat.

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26
Q

What is bio-fuel?

A

Fuel produced from biological material that is renewable and sustainable.

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27
Q

What is Biogas?

A

Methane produced by the fermentation of biological material.

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28
Q

What is Biological detergent?

A

Washing detergent that contains enzymes like lipase to wash clothes.

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29
Q

What is biomass?

A

Biological material from living or recently living organisms.

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30
Q

What is the bladder?

A

The organ where urine is stored until it is released from the body.

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31
Q

What is Blood?

A

The liquid in which oxygen is carried round the body in order for Aerobic respiration to take place. it also carries dissolved food, waste products and mineral ions.

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32
Q

What is a Blood vessel?

A

A tube that carries blood round the body, I.e arteries veins and capillaries.

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33
Q

What is breathing?

A

The physical action of air being pumped in and out of the lungs by contraction and retraction the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.

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34
Q

What is the Breathing system.

A

The components needed for someone to breathe; the lungs, the ribs, the intercostal muscles, the diaphragm and the tubes which bring air into the body form the outside.

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35
Q

What are capillaries?

A

They are the smallest blood vessels that run between individual cells, only one cell thick.

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36
Q

What is carbohydrase?

A

An enzyme that speeds up the breakdown of carbohydrates.

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37
Q

What is the carbon cycle?

A

The cycle of carbon in the living and non living world.

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38
Q

What is a carrier?

A

An individual who is heterozygous for faulty allele that causes a genetic disease but is not affected themselves.

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39
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process.

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40
Q

Cell membrane

A

The membrane around the contents of a cell that controls what comes in or out.

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41
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

A rigid structure that forms the shape of some cells.

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42
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A big carbohydrate molecule that makes up plant and algal cell walls.

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43
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal chord where information is processed.

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44
Q

What is Chlorophyll?

A

The green pigment contained in chloroplast.

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45
Q

What is chloroplast?

A

The organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.

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46
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Thread like structure containing genetic information in the nucleus of a cell.

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47
Q

What is a clone?

A

Offspring produced by asexual reproduction which is identical to its parent organism.

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48
Q

What is natural competition?

A

The process where living organisms have to fight each other for limited recourses such as light or food.

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49
Q

What is a contraceptive pill?

A

A pill containing female sex hormones that prevent contraception.

50
Q

What is the coronary artery?

A

The artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart towards muscles.

51
Q

What is culture medium?

A

A substance that contains nutrients needed for bacteria to grow.

52
Q

What is a cuticle?

A

The waxy layer of a leaf that prevents water loss from the surface.

53
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

The gel like substance in which the organelles of the living thing are suspended.

54
Q

What is to denature?

A

When the active site of an enzyme changes so it can no longer speed up chemical reactions.

55
Q

What is diabetes?

A

A condition which prevents your body controlling sugar levels in the blood.

56
Q

What is Dialysis?

A

The process of cleaning the blood through a machine when the kidneys fail to do so.

57
Q

What is a Diaphragm?

A

A strong sheet of muscle that separates the thorax from the digestive organs, used to change the volume of the chest during the ventilation of the lungs.

58
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The net movement of gas or a solute from an area of high concentration to that of a low concentration.

59
Q

What is Direct contact?

A

A way of spreading disease by the contact of two people.

60
Q

What is direct proportion?

A

A direct linear relationship through the origin of a graph.

61
Q

What is DNA?

A

The material of inheritance.

62
Q

What is Dominant (allele)?

A

Characteristics that will show up in offspring even if only one allele is inherited.

63
Q

WHat is a double blind trial?

A

A trial where the doctor nor the patients know who is receiving the placebo or the drug.

64
Q

What is double circulation?

A

The process of deoxygenated blood coming from the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart and eventually to the rest of the body.

65
Q

What is droplet infection?

A

Infection by where when you sneeze, cough or talk the pathogens spread.

66
Q

What is a drug?

A

A chemical that causes change in the body.

67
Q

What are effector organs.

A

Muscles and glands that respond from impulses from the nervous system.

68
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

69
Q

What is an embryonic stem cell?

A

A stem cell that has the potential to form a number of specialised cells which is taken from the embryo.

70
Q

What is to emulsify?

A

When something breaks down into tiny droplets to form a emulsion.

71
Q

What is endemic?

A

When a certain species is specific to a certain area where it has evolved.

72
Q

What is Environmental isolation?

A

Where the environment changes in a specific place where a species lives but not in others.

73
Q

What is Epidermal tissue?

A

The tissue of the outer layer of an organism.

74
Q

What is Epithelial tissue?

A

The tissue made up of relatively unspecialised cells that line tubes and organs of the body such as the stomach.

75
Q

What is Eutrophication?

A

Where excess nutrients in water lead to very fast plant growth, when the plant dies and decomposes it takes up a lot of oxygen meaning the water can no longer sustain animal life.

76
Q

What is exothermic?

A

Where heat is released from a reaction.

77
Q

What is extinction?

A

The permanent loss of all members of a species.

78
Q

What is an extremophile?

A

A creature that lives in an extreme environment such as high or low pressures or heat.

79
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

The building blocks of lipids.

80
Q

What is fermentation?

A

The reaction where enzymes in yeast turn sugar into C02 and ethanol.

81
Q

What is fertile (soil)?

A

Soil which has all of the nutrients needed to sustain healthy plant life.

82
Q

What is a fertiliser?

A

A substance that provides plants with the nutrients required for healthy growth.

83
Q

What is FSH?

A

A female hormone that stimulates the eggs to mature in the ovaries, and the ovaries produce hormones such as oestrogen.

84
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A sex cell with 24 chromosomes.

85
Q

What is a gene?

A

A small section of DNA carrying genetic material.

86
Q

What is a genetic disorder?

A

A disease which is inherited.

87
Q

What is genetic material?

A

The DNA which caries information on making a new cell.

88
Q

What is Geographical isolation?

A

When two populations become separated by a physical barrier.

89
Q

What is glucagon?

A

A hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

90
Q

What is glucose?

A

A simple sugar.

91
Q

What is glycerol?

A

The building blocks of protein.

92
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Carbohydrate store in animals including brain, liver and muscles.

93
Q

What is gravitropism?

A

The response of a plant to the force of gravity controlled by an auxin.

94
Q

What are guard cells?

A

Cells that guard the stomata and controls what comes in and out

95
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

The red pigment that carries oxygen around the body

96
Q

What is a herbicide?

A

A chemical that kills plants

97
Q

What is Homeostatis?

A

The maintenance of constant internal body conditions

98
Q

What is hydroponics?

A

Where plants are grown in water enriched by mineral ions rather than water

99
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

Where core body temperature falls below that of the norm

100
Q

What is an immune response?

A

The response of the Immune system to cells carrying foreign antigens. It results in the production of antigens

101
Q

What is the immune system?

A

The body system which recognizes and destroys foreign cells or proteins

102
Q

What is an immunosuppressive drug?

A

Stops the immune system rejecting certain drugs.

103
Q

What is an impulse?

A

Electrical signal carried along the neurones.

104
Q

What is the kidney?

A

An organ that cleans blood and removes urea, excess salts and water

105
Q

What is a kidney tuble?

A

A structure in the kidney where substances are reabsorbed back into the blood

106
Q

What is lactic acid?

A

The product of anaerobic respiration. It builds up in muscles during exercise

107
Q

What is lipase?

A

The enzyme that breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol.

108
Q

What is a lipid?

A

An oil or fat

109
Q

What is meiosis?

A

It is the two stage process of cell division that involves making the gametes for sexual reproduction.

110
Q

What is mesophyll tissue?

A

The tissue where photosynthesis takes place

111
Q

What is the metabolic rate?

A

The rate at which chemical reactions take place in the body particularly cellular respiration

112
Q

What is mitochondria?

A

The site in which aerobic respiration takes place in a cell.

113
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The process of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into another identical cell.

114
Q

What is the motor neurone?

A

The neurone that carries impulses from the CNS to the effector organs

115
Q

What is an MRSA?

A

A bacteria immune to antibiotics.

116
Q

What is mutation?

A

A change in the genetic material of an organism.

117
Q

What is a mycoprotein?

A

A fungus called fusarium that grows an reproduces rapidly to create a substitute for meat. It is high in protein and low in fats.

118
Q

What is to inoculate?

A

To make someone immune to a disease by injecting them with a vaccine that stimulates the immune system into creating antibodies.

119
Q

what is an Insoluble molecule.

A

Molecule that will not dissolve in a particular molecule such as water.

120
Q

What are intercostal muscles?

A

Muscles between the ribs which lower and raise during breathing.

121
Q

What is an Ion?

A

A charged particle produced by the loss and gain of electrons.

122
Q

What is to be isotonic?

A

having the same concentration of solutes as another solution.

Biology GCSE AQA (1 decks)

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