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ARE - Site Planning & Design > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Access Right

A

Right of an owner to have ingress and egress to and from a property.

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2
Q

Accessory Building

A

A building or structure on the same lot as the main or principal building.

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3
Q

Aesthetics

A

The study or theory of beauty.

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4
Q

Air Rights

A

The rights to the use or control of space above a property.

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5
Q

Altitude

A

The angle that the sun makes with the horizon.

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6
Q

Aquifer

A

An underground permeable material through which water flows.

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7
Q

Azimuth

A

A horizontal angle measured clockwise from north or south.

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8
Q

Barrier-Free

A

The absence of environmental barriers, permitting free access and circulation by the handicapped.

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9
Q

Bearing Capacity

A

The ability of a soil to support load.

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10
Q

Bench Mark

A

A relatively permanent point of known location and elevation.

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11
Q

Berm

A

A convex shaped bank of earth

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12
Q

Boundary

A

The legal recorded property line between two parcels of land.

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13
Q

Buffer Zone

A

An area separating two different elements of functions.

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14
Q

Buildable Area

A

The net ground area of a lot that can be covered by a building after required setbacks and other zoning limitations have been accounted for.

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15
Q

Building Line

A

A defined limit within a property line beyond which a structure may not protrude.

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16
Q

Building Envelope

A

The enclosure that contains a building’s maximum volume.

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17
Q

Catch basin

A

A drainage device used to collect water, with a deep pit to catch sediment.

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18
Q

Circulation

A

The flow or movement of people, goods, vehicles, etc from place to place.

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19
Q

Climate

A

The generally prevailing weather conditions of a region throughout the year, averaged over a series of years.

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20
Q

Coefficient Runoff

A

A fixed ratio of total rainfall that runs off a surface.

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21
Q

Collector Street

A

A street into which minor streets empty and which leads to a major arterial.

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22
Q

Combined Sewer

A

Sewer that carries both storm water and sanitary or industrial wastes.

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23
Q

Comfort Zone

A

Any combination of temperature and humidity in which the average person feels comfortable.

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24
Q

Compaction

A

The reduction of soil volume by pressure from grading machinery.

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25
Q

Condemnation

A

Taking private property for public use, with compensation to the owner, under the right of eminent domain.

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26
Q

Conduction

A

The transfer of heat by direct molecular action.

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27
Q

Conduit

A

Pipe or other channel, below or above ground for conveying pipelines, cables, or other utilities.

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28
Q

Conforming Use

A

Lawful use of a building or lot that complies with the provisions of the applicable zoning ordinance.

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29
Q

Coniferous

A

Describing a cone-bearing tree or shrub.

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30
Q

Context

A

The circumstances or elements which surround a particular development.

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31
Q

Contour

A

A line on a plan that connects all points of equal elevation.

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32
Q

Contour Interval

A

The vertical distance between adjacent contour lines.

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33
Q

Convection

A

The transfer of heat by the movement of a liquid or gas, such as air.

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34
Q

Corner Lot

A

A land parcel that fronts on two contiguous streets. The short side is generally considered to be the front of the lot.

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35
Q

Covenant

A

A restriction of the deed which regulates land use, aesthetic qualities, etc of an area.

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36
Q

Crown

A

The central area of a convex surface, such as a road.

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37
Q

Cul-de-sac

A

A short road with an outlet on one end and turnaround on the other. Should not excedd 400 ft.

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38
Q

Culvert

A

A length or pipe under a road or other barrier used to convey water.

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39
Q

Curb

A

A raised margin running along the edge of a street pavement, usually of concrete.

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40
Q

Curb Out

A

A depression in a curb that provides vehicular access from a street to a driveway.

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41
Q

Cut and Fill

A

In grading earth that is removed (cut) or added (fill).

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42
Q

Dead End Parking

A

A Circulation layout in which cars are unable to circulated in a continuous one-way flow from entrance to the exit of a parking area.

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43
Q

Deciduous

A

Describing trees that shed their leaves annually, as opposed to evergreen.

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44
Q

Dedication

A

Appropriation or private property for public use together with acceptance for such use by public agency.

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45
Q

Deed

A

A written instrument that is used to transfer real property from one party to another.

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46
Q

Degree Days

A

The number of degrees that the mean temperature for any day at a particular location is below 65 degrees.

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47
Q

Density

A

A measure of the number of people, familys, etc. that occupy a specified area.

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48
Q

Discharge

A

Flow from a culvert, sewer channel.

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49
Q

Disposal Field/ Drainage/ Absorbtion Field

A

A system of trenches with gravel and loose pipes through which septic tank effluent may seep into surrounding soil.

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50
Q

District

A

Any section of a city in which zoning regulations are uniform.

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51
Q

Drainage

A

The capacity of soil to receive and transmit water. The system by which excess water is collected, conducted and dispersed.

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52
Q

Drip Line

A

An imaginary line on the ground described by the outermost branches of a tree.

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53
Q

Driveway

A

A vehicular path generally leading from a public street to a structure on private property.

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54
Q

Drop-off

A

An area adjacent to a vehicular drive where pedestrians may safely exit (or enter) a car.

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55
Q

Dwelling unit

A

An independent living area which includes its own private cooking and bathing facilities.

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56
Q

Earthwork/ Grading

A

The modification of earth to create landforms.

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57
Q

Easement

A

A limited right, whether temporary or permanent, to use the property of another in a certain way. This may include the right of access to water, light, air, right of way, etc.

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58
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the pattern of relations between organisms and their environment

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59
Q

Effective Temperature

A

The sensation produced by the combined effects of temperature, relative humidity and air movement.

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60
Q

Effluent

A

Particularly treated liquid sewage from any part of a disposal system to a place of final disposition.

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61
Q

Elevation

A

The vertical distance above sea or other know point of reference.

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62
Q

Eminent Domain

A

The right of a government, under the police power concept, to take private property for public use.

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63
Q

Encroachment

A

Part of a building or an obstruction that extends into the property of another.

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64
Q

Environment

A

The natural and man-made things, conditions and influences surrounding a person, community or place.

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65
Q

Erosion/ Weathering

A

The process by which the surface of the earth is worn away by the action of natural elements, such as water and wind. Also known as weathering.

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66
Q

Excavation

A

The digging or removal of earth.

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67
Q

Expansive Soil

A

Clay that swells when wet and shrinks when dried.

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68
Q

Finish Floor Level

A

The completed floor surface on which building occupants walk.

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69
Q

Finish Grade

A

The elevation of the ground surface on which building occupants walk.

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70
Q

Floodplain

A

The land surrounding a flowing stream over which water spreads when a flood occurs.

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71
Q

Floor Area Ration (FAR)

A

The ratio of the floor area of a building to the area of the lot.

72
Q

Flow Line

A

The path down which water flows.

73
Q

Front Yard

A

The minimum legal distance between the front of the property line and a structure.

74
Q

Frontage

A

The length of a lot line along a street or other public way.

75
Q

Frost Line

A

The deepest penetration of frost below grade.

76
Q

Function

A

The natural or proper purpose for which something is designed or exists.

77
Q

Geology

A

The science that deals with the physical history of the earth.

78
Q

Grade

A

The elevation at any point

79
Q

Gradient

A

The rate of slope between two points on a surface, determined by dividing their difference in elevation by their distance apart.

80
Q

Greenbelt

A

A belt-like area around a city, reserved by ordinance for parkland, farms, open space, etc.

81
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

The direct gain of solar heat, generally through south-facing glass walls and roofs.

82
Q

Groundwater Level/ Groundwater Table/ Water Table

A

The plane below which the soil is saturated with water.

83
Q

Hachure

A

A shading technique to depict ground form.

84
Q

Handicapped

A

Individuals with physical impairments that result in functional limitations.

85
Q

Humidity

A

The amount or degree or moisture in the air.

86
Q

Hydrologic Cycle/ Water Cycle

A

The general pattern of movement of water on, under and above the earth.

87
Q

Indigenous

A

Native to a particular region.

88
Q

Infiltration/ Percolation

A

The process by which water soaks into the ground.

89
Q

Insolation

A

The amount of solar radiation on a given plane

90
Q

Interchange

A

The junction of a freeway with entering or existing traffic.

91
Q

Interpolation

A

Determining an unknown value between known values.

92
Q

Intersection

A

The point at which two streets come together or cross.

93
Q

Invert Elevation

A

The elevation of the bottom (flow line) of a pipe.

94
Q

Land Coverage

A

The ratio of the area covered by buildings to the total lot area, expressed as a percentage.

95
Q

Landscaping

A

The conscious rearrangement of natural outdoor elements for function and pleasure.

96
Q

Latitude

A

The number of degrees north or south of the equator of a particular point on the earths surface.

97
Q

Legal Description

A

Designation of boundaries of real estate in accordance with one of the systems prescribed by law.

98
Q

Limit Line

A

Any line beyond which development is prohibited.

99
Q

Loop Street

A

A minor street that comes off a major street, runs for a short distance, and then returns to the major street.

100
Q

Lot Line

A

The boundary line of a lot area.

101
Q

Lot Area

A

Total horizontal area within the lot lines of a parcel of land.

102
Q

Macroclimate

A

The general climate of a region.

103
Q

Manhole

A

An access hole in a drainage system to allow inspection, cleaning and repair.

104
Q

Meets and Bounds

A

The formal description of the boundary lines of a parcel of real estate property in terms of the lengths and direction of those lines.

105
Q

Microclimate

A

The climatic characteristics unique to a small area, caused by local features.

106
Q

Multiple Dwelling

A

A building containing three or more dwelling units.

107
Q

Neighborhood

A

A community of people living in a general vicinity. The area can generally support an elementary school.

108
Q

Network

A

A system of circulation channels which covers a large area.

109
Q

90-Degree Parking/ Perpendicular Parking

A

A pattern of vehicle storage in which car stalls are arranged at a right angle to the access lane.

110
Q

Non-Conforming Use

A

A particular use of land or a structure which is in violation of the applicable zoning code. Generally if the use was established prior to the code rule which it contravenes, it may continue to exist.

111
Q

Off-Street Parking

A

Space provided for vehicular parking outside the dedicated street right-of-way

112
Q

One-Way Traffic

A

A circulation system in which all vehicles move in the same direction.

113
Q

Open Drainage

A

The removal of unwanted water by means of surface devices.

114
Q

Orientation

A

A position with respect to the points of the compass

115
Q

Pad

A

An approximately level building area.

116
Q

Parallel Parking

A

A pattern of vehicle storage in which car stalls are arranged parallel to the access lane, as in conventional street parking.

117
Q

Parking Stall

A

A space in a parking lot marked off for the storage of a single motor vehicle.

118
Q

Party Wall

A

A wall built on the dividing line between two adjoining parcels, in which each owner has an equal share of ownership.

119
Q

Passive Solar System

A

A heating or cooling system that collects and moves solar heat without using mechanical power.

120
Q

Plane Surface

A

A topographic configuration created by straight, evenly spaced contours.

121
Q

Planting Strip

A

A landscaped strip of ground dividing a pedestrian walk from a street.

122
Q

Police Power

A

The legal power of a government to authorize actions which are in the best interest of the general public.

123
Q

Precipitation

A

Water that falls to the land as rain or snow.

124
Q

Principal Building

A

A building that houses the main use or activity occurring on a lot or parcel of ground

125
Q

Property Line

A

A legal boundary of a land parcel

126
Q

PUD

A

A planned unit development, similar to a cluster development but larger in scale including, in addition to housing, commercial and industrial developments.

127
Q

Radiation

A

The process by which heat or other energy is emitted by a body, transmitted through space, and absorbed by another body.

128
Q

Rational Method

A

A method for computing approximate storm water runoff.

129
Q

Rear Yard

A

The minimum legal distance between the rear property line and a structure.

130
Q

Relative Humidity

A

The ratio of the actual amount of moisture in the air to the maximum amount of moisture the air could hold at a give temperature.

131
Q

Restrictions

A

Limitations on the use of property defined by covenant in deeds, by private agreement, or by public legislative action.

132
Q

Retaining Wall

A

A wall constructed of timber, masonry or concrete designed to resist the pressure of the earth mass with which it is in contact.

133
Q

Retention Pond

A

An area used to retain and hold runoff water during a storm. The water is held until it is able to drain naturally.

134
Q

Ridge

A

A narrow convex land configuration represented by contours pointing downhill.

135
Q

Right-of-way

A

A strip of land granted by deed or easement for a circulation path.

136
Q

Runoff

A

The surface flow of water from an area.

137
Q

Section/ Cross Section

A

The representation of a structure as it would appear if cut through by an intersecting plane to show its internal configuration.

138
Q

Septic System

A

A sewage treatment system consisting of a tank and filtering system.

139
Q

Setback

A

The minimum legal distance between a property line and a structure.

140
Q

Sheeting/ Sheet Flow

A

A thin layer of water moving across a surface.

141
Q

Side Yard

A

The minimum legal distance between side property lines and a structure.

142
Q

Silt

A

A fine-grained soil whose particles are 0.05 to 0.002 millimeters in diameter.

143
Q

Site Planning

A

The are of science of creating or arranging the external physical environment.

144
Q

Slope

A

The inclination of a surface express as a percentage or proportion.

145
Q

Sludge

A

Accumulated solids that settle out of the sewage, forming a semi-liquid mass on the bottom of a septic tank.

146
Q

Soil

A

A natural material, formed by decomposed and disintegrated parent rock, that supports plant life.

147
Q

Soil Boring Log

A

A graphic representation of the soils encountered in a test boring.

148
Q

Solar Zoning

A

An ordinance controlling the mass and shape of buildings, which permits the penetration of sunlight between buildings.

149
Q

Split Lot

A

A lot that comprises more than one zone.

150
Q

Spot Elevation

A

The exact elevation at a key point on the ground or on a structure.

151
Q

Story

A

The vertical portion of a building included between the surface of any floor and the surface of the floor next above.

152
Q

Subsidence

A

The sinking of land

153
Q

Summit

A

The hightest point of a land mass represented by concentric contours.

154
Q

Sun Chart

A

A map of the sky showing the path of the sun, from sunrise to sunset, on the 21st day of each month.

155
Q

Surcharge

A

Earth which is above the top of a retaining wall level.

156
Q

Surface Water

A

Water that runs along the surface of the ground, as opposed to below the ground.

157
Q

Swale

A

A graded flow path used in open drainage systems.

158
Q

Switchback Road

A

A road that doubles back on itself with a hairpen curve.

159
Q

Topography

A

The configuration of the earth’s surface.

160
Q

Topsoil

A

The upper six to eight inches of soil, which contains humus.

161
Q

Transportation

A

The process by which water vapor escapes into the atmosphere from plants.

162
Q

Trench Drain

A

A linear drainage device used to collect and conduct water.

163
Q

Uniform Slope

A

A topographic configuration created by evenly spaced contours.

164
Q

Utility Easement

A

A legal right-of-way enabling a utility company to run service lines over private property.

165
Q

Valley

A

A narrow concave land configuration represented by contours pointing uphill.

166
Q

Variance

A

The special permission granted to the owner of a parcel of land waiving certain specific restrictions when the enforcement of these would impose an unusual or unreasonable hardship on the owner.

167
Q

Vegetation

A

All the plants, shrubs, and trees of a particular place.

168
Q

Water Cycle

A

The general pattern of movement of the water on, under and above the earth.

169
Q

Way

A

Street, alley or other throughfare of easement permanently established for passage or persons or vehicles.

170
Q

Windbreak

A

A structure or plant which, because of its form and location reduces wind velocities.

171
Q

Wind Shadow

A

The area near the bottom of the leeward, side of a hill, where the wind velocity decreases to almost zero.

172
Q

Yard

A

Open space on all sides of a building, based on the required setbacks

173
Q

Zone

A

Area established by a governing body for a specific use, such as residential, commercial or industrial use

174
Q

Zone of Aeration

A

The zone below the ground in which the spaces between soil grains contain both water and air.

175
Q

Zone of Saturation

A

The zone below the ground in which all the spaces between soil and grains are filled completely with water.

176
Q

Zoning

A

The legal means whereby land use is regulated and controlled for the general welfare

177
Q

Zoning Ordinance

A

Exercise of police power by a government in regulating and controlling the character and use of property.

ARE - Site Planning & Design (4 decks)

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