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Philosophy and Ethics - Gen > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

0
Q

Define ‘adultery’

A

A married person having sex with someone who isn’t their husband or wife

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1
Q

Define ‘ordination’

A

The sacrament of holy orders, by which someone is made a deacon, priest or bishop

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2
Q

Define ‘aggression’

A

In war, this means attacking someone without provocation

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3
Q

Define ‘agnosticism’

A

A belief that it’s impossible to know whether or not there is a God. Not knowing if God exists

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4
Q

Define ‘Apostolic’

A

A belief that the church was founded by, and receives it’s authority from, Jesus’s Apostles

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5
Q

Define ‘assisted suicide’

A

Ending your own life with the help of someone else e.g. Asking for a fatal dose of pills

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6
Q

Define ‘atheism’

A

A complete denial of the existence of a God

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7
Q

Define ‘atonement’

A

Reconciliation with God. This often refers to Jesus’s sacrifice on the cross to pay for our sin

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8
Q

Define ‘Bereavement’

A

The loss of someone close to you through their death

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9
Q

Define ‘bullying’

A

Intimidating, frightening and controlling people who are weaker than you

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10
Q

Define ‘abortion’

A

Removing a foetus from the womb before it’s able to survive, ending the pregnancy

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11
Q

Define ‘catechism’

A

A series of statements laying down the official teachings of the Roman Catholic Church

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12
Q

Define ‘pacifism’

A

The idea that war and physical violence are wrong under any circumstances

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13
Q

Define ‘celibacy’

A

Not taking part in any sexual activity

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14
Q

Define ‘catholic’

A

Universal. Used to describe the community of all Christian believers

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15
Q

Define ‘chrism’

A

The blessed oil used in the sacraments of the confirmation and ordination

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16
Q

Define ‘numinous experience’

A

An experience that inspires awe and wonder, in which someone can feel Gods presence

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17
Q

Define ‘religious freedom’

A

The freedom to openly practice and teach a religion, change religion or not follow a religion at all

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18
Q

Define ‘civil partnership’

A

The legal joining of a same-sex couple with the same rights and responsibilities as in a civil marriage

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19
Q

Define ‘cloning’

A

Creating a living thing which is identical to another

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20
Q

Define ‘cohabitation’

A

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married

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21
Q

Define ‘community cohesion’

A

The bonds holding a community together

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22
Q

Define ‘conscience’

A

An inner feeling of what’s right and wrong

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23
Q

Define ‘Gethsemane’

A

The garden where Jesus prayed before his arrest

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24
Q

Define ‘confession’

A

Acknowledging something.

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25
Q

Define ‘conservation’

A

Protecting and preserving resources, particularly natural resources

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26
Q

Define ‘creed’

A

Statement of religious beliefs

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27
Q

Define ‘cremation’

A

The burning of dead bodies

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28
Q

Define ‘Decalogue’

A

The Ten Commandments, as listed in Exodus

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29
Q

Define ‘discrimination’

A

Treating different people, or groups of people, differently (usually unfairly)

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30
Q

Define ‘disciples’

A

Followers of Jesus. This can refer to just his followers in the Bible or to all Christians

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31
Q

Define ‘euthanasia’

A

Ending someone’s life to relieve their suffering, especially from an incurable, painful disease

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32
Q

Define ‘exploitation’

A

Taking advantage of a weaker person it group of people

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33
Q

Define ‘fasting’

A

Not eating and/ or drinking for a set time. Used in religion for atonement or to focus the mind

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34
Q

Define ‘addiction’

A

A compulsion to keep doing something, even if you know it’s harming you

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35
Q

Define ‘conversion’

A

When someone’s life is first changed by becoming a follower of a faith

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36
Q

Define ‘free will’

A

The ability to choose how to behave. All three religions believe humans have free will

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37
Q

Define ‘corban’

A

A gift dedicated to God

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38
Q

Define ‘Golgotha’

A

The ‘place of the skull’ where Jesus was crucified

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39
Q

Define ‘Holy Week’

A

The last week of Lent, lasting from Palm Sunday until the day before Easter Sunday

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40
Q

Define ‘deterrence’

A

The idea that potential punishment will put people off commuting crime

41
Q

Define ‘humanity’

A

Either the human race or the caring nature of humans towards each other

42
Q

Define ‘human rights’

A

The moral, legal and political rights that every human being on Earth is entitled to

43
Q

Define ‘immortality of the soul’

A

The belief that the soul of the person lives on after the death of the body

44
Q

Define ‘Jairus’

A

A synagogue ruler who’s daughter was brought back to life by Jesus

45
Q

Define ‘justice’

A

The idea of each person getting what the deserve, and maintaining what’s right

46
Q

Define ‘incarnation’

A

The act by which Christians believe God became human, in the form of Jesus

47
Q

Define ‘Lent’

A

The period spent remembering Christ’s 40 days spent starving in the desert

48
Q

Define ‘literalism’

A

The belief that everything in religious scripture is literally true

49
Q

Define ‘liturgy of the word’

A

The second part of Mass. Bible readings, a short sermon and a recitation of the creed

50
Q

Define ‘Magisterium’

A

The ability and authority of the Pope and bishops to teach on matters of faith and morals

51
Q

Define ‘mediation’

A

A form of religious disciple that involves clearing the mind of distractions

52
Q

Define ‘miracle’

A

An event beloved to be the work of God, that can’t be explained by the laws of science

53
Q

Define ‘omnibenevolent’

A

All loving. Showing unlimited love and compassion

54
Q

Define ‘paranormal’

A

Things that science can’t explain, which are thought to have spiritual causes e.g. Ghosts

55
Q

Define ‘omnipotence’

A

All powerful. Having unlimited powers-all things are possible

56
Q

Define ‘omniscience’

A

All knowing. Knowing everything- in the past, present and future

57
Q

Define ‘moral evil’

A

Suffering caused by human beings e.g. War, murder, rape, torture

58
Q

Define ‘ex nihilo’

A

Out of nothing

59
Q

Define ‘prayer’

A

An attempt to contact God, often in the form of a conversation

60
Q

Define ‘prejudice’

A

Judging something or someone with no good reason, or without full knowledge of the situation

61
Q

Define ‘procreation’

A

Having children

62
Q

Define ‘promiscuity’

A

Having many sexual partners

63
Q

Define ‘sexism’

A

Discrimination based on someone gender (male or female)

64
Q

Define ‘racism’

A

Discrimination against people of other races- often based on unfair stereotypes

65
Q

Define ‘mourning’

A

The period of deep sorrow for someone who had died

66
Q

Define ‘religious pluralism’

A

Accepting that more than one religious view is valid, and that all faiths have the same right to exist

67
Q

Define ‘reincarnation’

A

The rebirth of a soul In a new body after death

68
Q

Define ‘resurrection’

A

Being brought back to life after death. This could be resurrection of the body or the soul

69
Q

Define ‘reconciliation’

A

Returning to harmony and friendship after conflict

70
Q

Define ‘revelation’

A

An experience that reveals Gods presence

71
Q

Define ‘natural evil’

A

Suffering caused by the world we live in e.g. Disease, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes

72
Q

Define ‘stewardship’

A

Taking care of the Earth as custodians of creation, so it can be passed on to the next generation

73
Q

Define ‘the Sabbath’

A

The Jewish day of rest (Saturday)

74
Q

Define ‘near death experience’

A

A vision experienced by someone close to death, usually an ‘out-of-body’ experience

75
Q

Define ‘sacrament’

A

A ceremony, or outward sign, of the direct communication of Gods saving grace

76
Q

Define ‘nuclear family’

A

A family made up of a mother, a father and their child/children living together

77
Q

Define ‘sin’

A

An act that breaks a religious law, I.e. When Gods teaching is disobeyed

78
Q

Define ‘Sermon on the Mount’

A

A summary of Jesus’ teachings on how to live a Christian life

79
Q

Define ‘capital punishment’

A

The death penalty as punishment for a crime

80
Q

Define ‘surrogacy’

A

When a woman bears a child for another woman

81
Q

Define ‘absolution’

A

Forgiveness of sins granted by God through a priest, following confession and penance

82
Q

Define ‘parousia’

A

Christian belief that one day Jesus will return to the earth again to judge the world

83
Q

Define ‘chastity’

A

When you choose not to have sex

84
Q

Define ‘monogamy’

A

One wife/ husband

85
Q

Define ‘homosexuality’

A

Sexual attracted to the same sex

86
Q

Define ‘heterosexuality’

A

Sexually attracted to the opposite sex

87
Q

Define ‘age of consent’

A

The age you have to be to legally do something

88
Q

Define ‘transcendent’

A

Above us all

89
Q

Define ‘creator’

A

Made everything

90
Q

Define ‘immanent’

A

Within us all

91
Q

Define ‘judge’

A

The decider-decides what happens next

92
Q

Define ‘messiah’

A

Anointed one

93
Q

Define ‘sacrifice’

A

The surrender something of value as a means of gaining something more desirable

94
Q

Define ‘trinity’

A

The Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit

95
Q

Define ‘monotheist’

A

Having belief in one religion

96
Q

Define ‘teleological argument’

A

The argument that states someone must have designed the universe. Isaac Newtons Thumb Theory (each thumb print is unique) and William Paleys Watchmaker theory, are both design arguments.

97
Q

Define ‘cosmological argument’

A

Argues that there must have been a first cause. Thomas Aquinas’ domino theory supports this argument.

98
Q

Define ‘salvation’

A

Deliverance from sin and it’s consequences, believed by Christians to be brought about by faith in Christ

99
Q

Define ‘redemption’

A

The action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil

Philosophy and Ethics - Gen (4 decks)

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