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Coursera > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Cloud computing

A

The concept and technological approach of accessing data, using applications, storing files, etc. from anywhere in the world as long as you have an internet connection

Example sentence: Cloud computing allows users to access their files from any device with an internet connection

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2
Q

Data center

A

A facility that stores hundreds, if not thousands of servers

Data centers are essential for storing and managing large amounts of data

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3
Q

Deployment

A

Hardware is set up so that the employee can do their job

Deployment involves configuring hardware and software for users to access

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4
Q

IT Infrastructure

A

The software, the hardware, network, and services required for an organization to operate in an enterprise IT environment

IT infrastructure is the backbone of any organization’s technology operations

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5
Q

KVM Switch

A

Keyboard, video, & mouse switch that looks like a hub that you can connect multiple computers to and control using one keyboard, mouse, and monitor

KVM switches are commonly used in data centers to manage multiple servers

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6
Q

Maintenance

A

Where software is updated and hardware issues are fixed if, and when, they occur

Regular maintenance helps ensure smooth operation of systems and equipment

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7
Q

Procurement

A

Hardware is purchased or reused for an employee

The procurement process involves acquiring necessary hardware for employees

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8
Q

Production

A

The parts of the infrastructure where certain services are executed and serve to its users production

Production environments are critical for delivering services to users

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9
Q

Reproduction case

A

Recreating an error to test a solution to make sure the problem is gone after a fix has been applied

Reproduction cases help in identifying and fixing software issues

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10
Q

Retirement

A

Hardware becomes unusable or no longer needed, and it needs to be properly removed from the fleet

Retirement of hardware requires proper disposal or recycling methods

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11
Q

Rollback

A

Reverting to the previous state before you made changes

Rollback is often used to undo changes that caused issues in a system

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12
Q

Secondary or stand-by machine

A

A machine that is the same as a production machine, but won’t receive any traffic from actual users until enabled

Stand-by machines are ready to take over in case of production machine failure

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13
Q

Server

A

Software or a machine that provides services to other software or machines

Servers play a crucial role in providing various services over a network

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14
Q

System Administration

A

The field in IT that is responsible for maintaining reliable computer systems, in a Multi-user environment

System administrators ensure the smooth operation of IT systems in organizations

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15
Q

Test environment

A

A virtual machine running the same configuration as a production environment, but isn’t actually serving any users of the service

Test environments are used to test software changes before deploying them to production

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16
Q

Absolute path

A

It is one that starts from the main directory

Absolute paths provide the full directory structure starting from the root directory

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17
Q

Alias

A

A nickname for common commands

Aliases help simplify and shorten complex or frequently used commands

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18
Q

Appending flags

A

A way to add the data of the file without erasing existing data

Appending flags are useful for adding new content to a file without overwriting existing content

19
Q

Bash

A

The language used to interact with the shell

Bash is a popular shell used in Unix-based operating systems

20
Q

CLI

A

Command line interpreter

CLI allows users to interact with the computer through text commands

21
Q

Command line

A

A text interface program for a computer that inputs text commands and translates them to the operating system

Command line interfaces provide direct access to system functions through text commands

22
Q

Escape characters

A

A concept that means that the next character after the back tick should be treated literally

Escape characters are used to include special characters in strings

23
Q

.exe

A

A file extension found in Windows for an executable file

.exe files are executable files in Windows operating systems

24
Q

Groups

A

A collection of users

Groups are used for managing permissions and access control in operating systems

25
Q

GUI

A

A graphical user interface

GUI provides a visual way to interact with computer systems

26
Q

Hidden files

A

A set of files that are not visible either to avoid alteration or simply because you don’t want someone to see them

Hidden files are often used for system configuration and settings

27
Q

Hot key

A

A keyboard shortcut that does a particular task

Hot keys help users perform actions quickly without navigating through menus

28
Q

I/O Streams

A

An input stream handles data flowing into and out of a program

I/O streams are essential for communication between programs and devices

29
Q

Parameter

A

A value that is associated with a command

Parameters provide additional information or instructions to commands

30
Q

Parent directory & child directories

A

A parent directory is a directory that houses all subsequent child directories

Parent directories contain subdirectories or child directories

31
Q

Paths

A

A main directory that branches off and holds other directories and files

Paths define the location of files and directories in a file system

32
Q

Prompt

A

A prompt shows you which directory you’re currently in

Prompts provide information about the current working directory in a command line interface

33
Q

Regular expression

A

A pattern matching language that describes words, phrases, or more complicated patterns; regular expressions are used to help you do advanced pattern based selection

Regular expressions are powerful tools for searching and manipulating text

34
Q

Relative path

A

It is a path from your current directory

Relative paths are based on the current working directory

35
Q

Root directory

A

A parent directory for all other directories in a file system

The root directory is the top-level directory in a file system

36
Q

Shell

A

A shell is a command line interpreter for Linux

Shells provide the interface for users to interact with the operating system

37
Q

Standard error (stderr)

A

A data stream that redirect the output of error messages in a different output stream. It works both in Linux and Windows

Standard error handles error messages in command line interfaces

38
Q

Standard In (stdin)

A

A data stream in which the input that you provide through the keyboard goes to the standard in stream of the process that you’re interacting with. It works both in Linux and Windows

Standard input is used to provide input data to processes

39
Q

Standard out (stdout)

A

A data stream that when a process creates output, it adds data to the standard out stream, which flows out of the process. It works both in Linux and Windows

Standard output is used to display output from processes

40
Q

Stdin, stdout, stderr

A

Three data streams created when you launch a Linux command

These data streams are essential for input, output, and error handling in command line interfaces

41
Q

Subdirectories

A

A directory below or at a deeper level in the directory hierarchy

Subdirectories are nested directories within a parent directory

42
Q

Tab completion

A

A way to auto-complete a command or file names and directories

Tab completion helps users quickly input commands or file names

43
Q

Wildcard

A

A character that is used to help select files based on a certain pattern

Wildcards are used for pattern matching in file operations

44
Q

Windows Search service

A

A service that indexes files on your computer by looking through them on a schedule

Windows Search service helps users find files and documents on their computer

Coursera (6 decks)

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