Glossary

Question 1

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 1

Making new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two living things of different genders

Question 2

Fusion

Answer 2

When two nuclei combine, creating a new nucleus.

Question 3

Gametes

Answer 3

Reproductive cells of animals or plants

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

The union of two gametes to become a zygote, which develops into a new organism

Question 5

Conception

Answer 5

When an egg is fertilized by sperm. The beginning of pregnancy.

Question 6

Ejaculation

Answer 6

The release of sperm cells from the male reproductive system

Question 7

Semen

Answer 7

Fluid emitted from the male reproductive tract containing sperm cells

Question 8

Zygote

Answer 8

A fertilised egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete and a male gamete

Question 9

Puberty

Answer 9

The process of physical maturation when an adolescent reaches sexual maturity and is capable of reproduction.

Question 10

Hormones:

Answer 10

Chemical substances that assist and control cells and organs in their functions

Question 11

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

Answer 11

A hormone created by the pituitary gland that plays a role in sexual development + reproduction

Question 12

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Answer 12

A glycoprotein hormone that is made with FSH and plays a part in women’s, men’s and children’s sexual development

Question 13

Menstruation

Answer 13

Monthly shedding of blood and tissue from the lining of the uterus when pregnancy does not occur

Question 14

Gonads

Answer 14

Part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (women) or sperm (men)

Question 15

Estrogen

Answer 15

The steroid hormone associated with female reproductive organs and is responsible for developing female sexual characteristics.

Question 16

Progesterone

Answer 16

The hormone that supports pregnancy.

Question 17

Estrogen and Progesterone

Answer 17

Stimulates eggs in the ovaries to develop, breast tissue growth, widening of hips, prompt beginning of menstrual cycle

Question 18

Prostate gland

Answer 18

Organ that produces the majority of seminal fluid that protects and nourishes sperm on the way to the egg.

Question 19

Cervix

Answer 19

The neck of the uterus. Allows fluids to pass from the uterus to the vagina

Question 20

Vagina

Answer 20

A passageway that connects the opening of the uterus to the outside body

Question 21

Uterus

Answer 21

Where a baby forms if a mature egg is fertilized by a sperm

Question 22

Clitoris

Answer 22

A 2-3 cm organ that mostly lies inside the body

Question 23

Vulva

Answer 23

The exterior female sex organs

Question 24

Follicles

Answer 24

A small, fluid-filled sac in the ovary containing an immature egg

Question 25

Bladder

Answer 25

An organ that contains urine (like a storage tank)

Question 26

Anus

Answer 26

End of the large intestine where food waste comes out of

Question 27

Epididymis

Answer 27

A narrow, coiled tube that is attached to the testes and where the sperm cells from the testicles move to so they can mature and be stored.

Question 28

Seminal Vesicle

Answer 28

Glands that produce a sticky fluid that makes up the majority of the ejaculate. This fluid (together with the fluid produced by the prostate gland) helps to protect sperm and move it along.

Question 29

Vas Deferens

Answer 29

A tube inside the penis through which urine and semen pass out of the body (at different times) via an opening in the glans (head of penis). Transports mature sperm to urethra in preparation for ejaculation.

Question 30

Anus

Answer 30

Rectum opening, through which faeces are passed

Question 31

Penis

Answer 31

External sex organ. Foreskin covers its head (glans).

Question 32

Cowper’s Gland

Answer 32

Produce a clear fluid that empties directly into urethra. Lubricates urethra and neutralizes acidity due to any urine in urethra.

Question 33

Hymen

Answer 33

A piece of tissue covering or surrounding part of the vaginal opening

Question 34

Fimbriae

Answer 34

Finger-like projections on the ends of the fallopian tubes. Catch the egg and sweeps it into the fallopian tube where it can be fertilized.

Question 35

Myometrium

Answer 35

The middle layer of the uterine wall

Question 36

Rectum

Answer 36

The end part of the large intestine that is closest to the anus

Question 37

Menstrual phase

Answer 37

uterus lining breaks down in the form of blood

Question 38

Follicular phase

Answer 38

Maturation of ovarian follicles, preparing them for release during ovulation

Question 39

Ovulation phase

Answer 39

when the ovary releases an egg

Question 40

Luteal phase

Answer 40

Prepares uterus for pregnancy, thickens uterus lining

Question 41

Amnion

Answer 41

a thin membrane forming a closed sac about the embryo and containing a watery fluid in which the embryo or fetus is immersed.

Question 42

Placenta

Answer 42

Supplies baby with nutrients + oxygen. Removes fetal waste products. Placenta expelled during final stages of labour. Known as ‘afterbirth’.

Question 43

Umbilical Cord

Answer 43

Connects baby to placenta

Question 44

Amniotic Fluid

Answer 44

protects the fetus from injury and temperature changes

Question 45

Labia

Answer 45

The folds of skin around the vaginal opening