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Science > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

Terms and Definitions

1
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Making new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two living things of different genders

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2
Q

Fusion

A

When two nuclei combine, creating a new nucleus.

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3
Q

Gametes

A

Reproductive cells of animals or plants

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4
Q

Fertilization

A

The union of two gametes to become a zygote, which develops into a new organism

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5
Q

Conception

A

When an egg is fertilized by sperm. The beginning of pregnancy.

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6
Q

Ejaculation

A

The release of sperm cells from the male reproductive system

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7
Q

Semen

A

Fluid emitted from the male reproductive tract containing sperm cells

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8
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilised egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete and a male gamete

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9
Q

Puberty

A

The process of physical maturation when an adolescent reaches sexual maturity and is capable of reproduction.

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10
Q

Hormones:

A

Chemical substances that assist and control cells and organs in their functions

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11
Q

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

A

A hormone created by the pituitary gland that plays a role in sexual development + reproduction

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12
Q

LH (luteinizing hormone)

A

A glycoprotein hormone that is made with FSH and plays a part in women’s, men’s and children’s sexual development

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13
Q

Menstruation

A

Monthly shedding of blood and tissue from the lining of the uterus when pregnancy does not occur

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14
Q

Gonads

A

Part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (women) or sperm (men)

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15
Q

Estrogen

A

The steroid hormone associated with female reproductive organs and is responsible for developing female sexual characteristics.

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16
Q

Progesterone

A

The hormone that supports pregnancy.

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17
Q

Estrogen and Progesterone

A

Stimulates eggs in the ovaries to develop, breast tissue growth, widening of hips, prompt beginning of menstrual cycle

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18
Q

Prostate gland

A

Organ that produces the majority of seminal fluid that protects and nourishes sperm on the way to the egg.

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19
Q

Cervix

A

The neck of the uterus. Allows fluids to pass from the uterus to the vagina

20
Q

Vagina

A

A passageway that connects the opening of the uterus to the outside body

21
Q

Uterus

A

Where a baby forms if a mature egg is fertilized by a sperm

22
Q

Clitoris

A

A 2-3 cm organ that mostly lies inside the body

23
Q

Vulva

A

The exterior female sex organs

24
Q

Follicles

A

A small, fluid-filled sac in the ovary containing an immature egg

25
Q

Bladder

A

An organ that contains urine (like a storage tank)

26
Q

Anus

A

End of the large intestine where food waste comes out of

27
Q

Epididymis

A

A narrow, coiled tube that is attached to the testes and where the sperm cells from the testicles move to so they can mature and be stored.

28
Q

Seminal Vesicle

A

Glands that produce a sticky fluid that makes up the majority of the ejaculate. This fluid (together with the fluid produced by the prostate gland) helps to protect sperm and move it along.

29
Q

Vas Deferens

A

A tube inside the penis through which urine and semen pass out of the body (at different times) via an opening in the glans (head of penis). Transports mature sperm to urethra in preparation for ejaculation.

30
Q

Anus

A

Rectum opening, through which faeces are passed

31
Q

Penis

A

External sex organ. Foreskin covers its head (glans).

32
Q

Cowper’s Gland

A

Produce a clear fluid that empties directly into urethra. Lubricates urethra and neutralizes acidity due to any urine in urethra.

33
Q

Hymen

A

A piece of tissue covering or surrounding part of the vaginal opening

34
Q

Fimbriae

A

Finger-like projections on the ends of the fallopian tubes. Catch the egg and sweeps it into the fallopian tube where it can be fertilized.

35
Q

Myometrium

A

The middle layer of the uterine wall

36
Q

Rectum

A

The end part of the large intestine that is closest to the anus

37
Q

Menstrual phase

A

uterus lining breaks down in the form of blood

38
Q

Follicular phase

A

Maturation of ovarian follicles, preparing them for release during ovulation

39
Q

Ovulation phase

A

when the ovary releases an egg

40
Q

Luteal phase

A

Prepares uterus for pregnancy, thickens uterus lining

41
Q

Amnion

A

a thin membrane forming a closed sac about the embryo and containing a watery fluid in which the embryo or fetus is immersed.

42
Q

Placenta

A

Supplies baby with nutrients + oxygen. Removes fetal waste products. Placenta expelled during final stages of labour. Known as ‘afterbirth’.

43
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

Connects baby to placenta

44
Q

Amniotic Fluid

A

protects the fetus from injury and temperature changes

45
Q

Labia

A

The folds of skin around the vaginal opening

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