Glossary Flashcards
phone
sound produced during language communication
phonetics
the study of sounds
acoustic phonetics
study of sound waves
articulatory phonetics
study of the physical production of phones
phonetic transcription
wriritng words in terms of phonetic realization, indicated by [ ]; aspiration etc
phonemic description
writing terms in terms of phonemic contrasts, indicated by / /; mental production of sounds
phonemics
the study of the mental categorization of phones into language specific
phoneme
a set of phones perceived as being the same within a particular language system
allophone
one of the variants of a phoneme, may appear as
* complementary distribution, such as initial [kʰ] vs medial [k]
* free variation, more or less random variation by speaker
archiphonemes
two or more phonemes that do not contrast in some positions like medial /t/ and /d/ in GAE
phonemic grid
the set of structured oppositions for classifying sounds within a specific language
stress
the relative greater prominence (through volume and/or length and/or pitch) of a particular syllable
word stress
stress as applied to individual words
primary stress
a type of word stress in GAE, must occur in every word longer than a single syllable
unstressed
occurs on every syllable that does not have primary or secondary stress
intonation
vocal contour of a sentence or part of a sentence, may indicate type of sentence (question etc)
sandhi
sound changes (phonetic or phonemic) caused by other phonemes
juncture
the manner in which boundaries between syllables or words that can affect pronunciation, are negotiated.
underlying form
an abstract form of a word
surface representation
the form it takes when pronounced by a given speaker
