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science - biology > glossary > Flashcards

glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the definition of allele?

A

a version of a gene; a person inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent

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2
Q

what is the definition of amino acid?

A

small molecules that make up proteins

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3
Q

what is the definition of autosome?

A

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

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4
Q

what is the definition of chromatid?

A

one side of the X shaped chromosome, it contains a double helix of DNA

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5
Q

what is the definition of a chromosome?

A

a form of DNA wound around proteins before replicated

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6
Q

what is the definition of complementary-based pairs?

A

The standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing (complementary base pairing). pairs with adenine pairs, with thymine and cytosine with guanine

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7
Q

what is the definition of diploid?

A

(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Compare with haploid.

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8
Q

DNA

A

a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

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9
Q

gene

A

basic unit of genetic material passed on from parents to off spring

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10
Q

genotype

A

combination of alleles for a particular trait

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11
Q

haploid

A

contains one set of complete chromosomes in each cell (gametes)

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12
Q

heterozygous

A

having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes: the genetic study showed two heterozygous variants. (recessive gene)

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13
Q

homozygous

A

pure breed (dominant gene)

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14
Q

karyotype

A

way of representing a complete set of chromosomes, in pairs, from largest to smallest

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15
Q

meiosis

A

a process that results in information of gametes with half the genetic material from one parent

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16
Q

mitosis

A

a type of cell division that results in genetically identical daughter cells; allows for growth and repair

17
Q

nucleotide

A

a distinct component of nucleic acid

18
Q

pedigree

A

the recorded ancestry or lineage of a person or family

19
Q

phenotype

A

an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type. A person’s phenotype is determined by both their genomic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors.

20
Q

somatic cell

A

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells (egg or sperm)

21
Q

genetic code

A

the sequence of nucleotides in DNA inherited from parent organisms

science - biology (3 decks)

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