glossary Flashcards
what is the definition of allele?
a version of a gene; a person inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent
what is the definition of amino acid?
small molecules that make up proteins
what is the definition of autosome?
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
what is the definition of chromatid?
one side of the X shaped chromosome, it contains a double helix of DNA
what is the definition of a chromosome?
a form of DNA wound around proteins before replicated
what is the definition of complementary-based pairs?
The standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing (complementary base pairing). pairs with adenine pairs, with thymine and cytosine with guanine
what is the definition of diploid?
(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Compare with haploid.
DNA
a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
gene
basic unit of genetic material passed on from parents to off spring
genotype
combination of alleles for a particular trait
haploid
contains one set of complete chromosomes in each cell (gametes)
heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes: the genetic study showed two heterozygous variants. (recessive gene)
homozygous
pure breed (dominant gene)
karyotype
way of representing a complete set of chromosomes, in pairs, from largest to smallest
meiosis
a process that results in information of gametes with half the genetic material from one parent
mitosis
a type of cell division that results in genetically identical daughter cells; allows for growth and repair
nucleotide
a distinct component of nucleic acid
pedigree
the recorded ancestry or lineage of a person or family
phenotype
an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type. A person’s phenotype is determined by both their genomic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors.
somatic cell
any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells (egg or sperm)
genetic code
the sequence of nucleotides in DNA inherited from parent organisms
