glossary Flashcards
what is a chromosome
the form of DNA that is tightly wound around proteins before replication
chromatid
one side of a chromosome
centromere
the centre of a chromosome
karotype
map of all chromosomes pairs in one person
what does adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine have in common?
involved in the process of making proteins (RNA)
DNA
a molecule that contains all the instructions for every job performed by the cell
whats RNA
it is made of nucleotides and makes proteins with ammino acids
complementary based pairs
form strong hydrogen-bonded complexes binding the double helix structure of nucleic acids.
diploid
containing two complete sets of chromosomes
gene
basic unit of genetic material passed on from parents to offspring
genotype
the combination of alleles for a particular trait
haploid
containing one complete set of chromosomes in each cell; one example is gametes
heterozygous
having two different alleles for a particular trait; a carrier for a recessive trait
homozygous
having two identical alleles for a particular trait
meiosis
the process that results in the formation of gametes with half the genetic material of the parent cell
mitosis
the process of cell division which results in two identical daughter cells; allows growth and repair
nucleotide
a subunit of nucleic acid
pedigree
a chart showing the phenotypes for an individual and there ancestors, usually over several generations; also known as a family tree diagram
phenotype
the physical characteristics that result from an interaction between the genotype and the environment
somatic cell
the body cells except gametes (egg and sperm)
gametes
reproductive cell (egg and sperm)
co-dominance
two different alleles that can both appear in the phenotype at the same time; both can appear with a single allele
incomplete dominance
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus (particular part or place) are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
punnet square
the diagram used to predict the outcome of breeding organisms
autosome
a chromosome that does not determine the sex of an orginism
alleles
a version of a gene; a person inherits two alleles for each gene, one coming from each parent
