Glossary Flashcards
Acquired communication disorder
A communication disorder acquired after damage to the brain e.g. stroke or traumatic brain injury
Articulation
How we make speech sounds using the articulators (e.g. tongue, mouth)
Articulation disorder
Atypical production of speech sounds characterised by substitutions, omissions, additions or distortions that may affect intelligibility
Communication
The effective exchange of information between two or more people, being able to use expression to put across different types of meaning. Being able to interact with others in a socially appropriate way
Communication channel
Mode of communication e.g. spoken or written
Communication disorder
Any disorder that affects an individual’s ability to comprehend, detect or apply language and speech to engage in discourse effectively with others
Comprehension
The ability to understand something
Decoding
process of interpreting a message
Developmental disorders
A group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment of different areas. “Specific Disorders of Psychological Development” in ICD-10. These disorders comprise language disorders, learning disorders, motor disorders and autism spectrum disorders. Developmental disorders are present from early life.
Encoding
The process of creating a message
Expression
The action of making known one’s thoughts or feelings
Fluency
The rhythm of our speech e.g. pauses while talking
Fluency disorder
Interruption to the flow of speech such as unusual rate, rhythm, repetitions in sounds, syllables, words phrases. May be accompanied by excessive tension and other secondary mannerisms e.g. blinking/ grimacing
Language
The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way
Language delay
Although language acquisition is following the usual developmental pattern, do not meet the language developmental milestones for their age. Thus, their language abilities may be developing at a slower rate than most childrens.
Language disorder
A type of communication disorder in which a person has persistent difficulties in learning and using various forms of language eg spoken, written, sign lang
Linguistics
The study of language and its structure
Non-literal language
Non-literal or figurative language is language that goes beyond the dictionary meaning of words or phrases – not using words in their usual or most basic sense.
receiver
An individual receiving information via a communication channel from a sender
Phonology
Knowledge of the sound system of language and the rules that govern those sound combinations
Phonological disorder
Difficulty acquiring or organising the sound system of speech
Psycholinguistics
the study of the relationships between linguistic behaviour and psychological processes, including the process of language acquisition.
Schemata
Patterns of thought or behaviour that organise categories of information and the relationships among them. They can also be described as mental structures of preconceived ideas, frameworks representing some aspect of the world, or a system of organizing and perceiving new information
Sender
an individual conveying information to receiver through a communication channel
Speech
The communication of thoughts in spoken words
Speech delay
A delay in the development or use of the mechanisms that produce speech
Speech disorders
Condition in which a person has problems creating or forming the speech sounds needed to communicate with others. Common speech disorders are articulation disorders, phonological disorders
Social communication difficulties
individuals with these difficulties may find it hard to understand the messages we convey through our tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures e.g. waving, pointing or shrugging and using appropriate eye contact. This can result in difficulties understanding non literal language and what other people are thinking or feeling; finding it difficult to see things from someone else’s POV. They may do things which seem out of place; such as talking in a very loud voice to the person who is standing next to them, talking continually about things that interest them to someone they have never met before, and taking turns can be challenging.
Voice
How we use our vocal folds and breathe to make sounds. E.g. our voice can be loud or soft or high- or low-pitched.
Voice disorder
atypical production and/or absences of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance, and/or duration, which is incongruous with an individual’s age and/or sex (ASHA. 2003).
