Glossary

Question 1

Acquired communication disorder

Answer 1

A communication disorder acquired after damage to the brain e.g. stroke or traumatic brain injury

Question 2

Articulation

Answer 2

How we make speech sounds using the articulators (e.g. tongue, mouth)

Question 3

Articulation disorder

Answer 3

Atypical production of speech sounds characterised by substitutions, omissions, additions or distortions that may affect intelligibility

Question 4

Communication

Answer 4

The effective exchange of information between two or more people, being able to use expression to put across different types of meaning. Being able to interact with others in a socially appropriate way

Question 5

Communication channel

Answer 5

Mode of communication e.g. spoken or written

Question 6

Communication disorder

Answer 6

Any disorder that affects an individual’s ability to comprehend, detect or apply language and speech to engage in discourse effectively with others

Question 7

Comprehension

Answer 7

The ability to understand something

Question 8

Decoding

Answer 8

process of interpreting a message

Question 9

Developmental disorders

Answer 9

A group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment of different areas. “Specific Disorders of Psychological Development” in ICD-10. These disorders comprise language disorders, learning disorders, motor disorders and autism spectrum disorders. Developmental disorders are present from early life.

Question 10

Encoding

Answer 10

The process of creating a message

Question 11

Expression

Answer 11

The action of making known one’s thoughts or feelings

Question 12

Fluency

Answer 12

The rhythm of our speech e.g. pauses while talking

Question 13

Fluency disorder

Answer 13

Interruption to the flow of speech such as unusual rate, rhythm, repetitions in sounds, syllables, words phrases. May be accompanied by excessive tension and other secondary mannerisms e.g. blinking/ grimacing

Question 14

Language

Answer 14

The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way

Question 15

Language delay

Answer 15

Although language acquisition is following the usual developmental pattern, do not meet the language developmental milestones for their age. Thus, their language abilities may be developing at a slower rate than most childrens.

Question 16

Language disorder

Answer 16

A type of communication disorder in which a person has persistent difficulties in learning and using various forms of language eg spoken, written, sign lang

Question 17

Linguistics

Answer 17

The study of language and its structure

Question 18

Non-literal language

Answer 18

Non-literal or figurative language is language that goes beyond the dictionary meaning of words or phrases – not using words in their usual or most basic sense.

Question 19

receiver

Answer 19

An individual receiving information via a communication channel from a sender

Question 20

Phonology

Answer 20

Knowledge of the sound system of language and the rules that govern those sound combinations

Question 21

Phonological disorder

Answer 21

Difficulty acquiring or organising the sound system of speech

Question 22

Psycholinguistics

Answer 22

the study of the relationships between linguistic behaviour and psychological processes, including the process of language acquisition.

Question 23

Schemata

Answer 23

Patterns of thought or behaviour that organise categories of information and the relationships among them. They can also be described as mental structures of preconceived ideas, frameworks representing some aspect of the world, or a system of organizing and perceiving new information

Question 24

Sender

Answer 24

an individual conveying information to receiver through a communication channel

Question 25

Speech

Answer 25

The communication of thoughts in spoken words

Question 26

Speech delay

Answer 26

A delay in the development or use of the mechanisms that produce speech

Question 27

Speech disorders

Answer 27

Condition in which a person has problems creating or forming the speech sounds needed to communicate with others. Common speech disorders are articulation disorders, phonological disorders

Question 28

Social communication difficulties

Answer 28

individuals with these difficulties may find it hard to understand the messages we convey through our tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures e.g. waving, pointing or shrugging and using appropriate eye contact. This can result in difficulties understanding non literal language and what other people are thinking or feeling; finding it difficult to see things from someone else’s POV. They may do things which seem out of place; such as talking in a very loud voice to the person who is standing next to them, talking continually about things that interest them to someone they have never met before, and taking turns can be challenging.

Question 29

Voice

Answer 29

How we use our vocal folds and breathe to make sounds. E.g. our voice can be loud or soft or high- or low-pitched.

Question 30

Voice disorder

Answer 30

atypical production and/or absences of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance, and/or duration, which is incongruous with an individual’s age and/or sex (ASHA. 2003).