glossary Flashcards
what did the Kadets want? x5
democratically elected assembly
full civil rights for all citizens
end of censorship
recognition of trade unions
free education
who were the Kadets support base?
liberal intellegentsia
who were the Octobrists?
founded after 1905 revolution
believed in the tsar
against liberal reforms
landownder, industrialists
what did the SRs believe and how did they achieve it?
believed that peasants should overthrow the tsarist government and replace it with a democratic republic
wanted lands to be taken by landlords and divided amongst the peasantry
wanted rural socialism
they used agitation, terrorism and asassinations to prove their cause eg. Tsar Alexander II
who were the Bolsheviks?
believed that a revolutionary party should be made up of highly disciplined professional revolutionaries and should operate under central leadership
they wanted to bring socialist consiousness to workers and lead them through revolution
they attracted younger, militant peasant workers
who were the mensheviks?
wanted to take in all who wished to join, and was more democratic than the bolsheviks
encourage trade unions
gathered large groups to overthrow which they could inform
attracted non-russians, jews and georgians
who was the duma?
an elected consultative Parliament which was created as a result of the 1905 Revolution, was recalled by the tsar in 1915 after the outbreak of ww1
who was the zemstva?
organ of rural self-government in the Russian Empire and Ukraine
what was order no1 1917?
pledged to recognise a provisional government formed by members of Duma in return for the tsar abdication
who were the support base of the provisional government?
kadets
liberals
moderate socialists
who were the initial support base of the Petrograd Soviet?
Radical Socialists
intellectuals
Mensheviks
SRs
Bolsheviks
(3000 members)
who were some of the key leaders of the PG?
Prince Georgy Lvov
Alexander Kerensky
Alexander Guchov
who were the key leaders of the Petrograd Soviet in 1917?
Leon Trotsky
Alexander Kerensky
Nikolay Chkheidze
who were the kulaks?
wealthy peasants
what was the purpose of the Military Revolutionary Committee?
established by Trotsky and Sverdlov
made to co-ordinate movements of 200,000 Red Guards
60,000 sailors
150,0000 soldiers from Petrograd garrison
what is the Komuch?
Committee members of constituent assembly
what is sovnarkom?
early soviet government
who were the reds in the civil war?
communist leaders
bolshevik officials
moscow workers
petrograd workers
cheka
red army
who were the whites in the civil war?
tsarist officers (Denikin, Kolchak)
former members of constituent assembly
allied forces
right SRs
kulaks
who were the greens in the civil war?
ukranians, geogrians, finns, poles, nationalists
what was war communism?
more centralised systems of control that were adopted to run the economy efficiently during the war
extension of class warfare
what was the new economic policy?
1921-1924
abolish war communism measures
what was the GPU?
cheka’s new name as of 1922
what was GLAVLIT?
censorship body for literature
who were the Union of Militant Godless?
group that attacked the church
what was the ban on factions?
soviets banned other parties
what was the april thesis?
basis of soviet party policy pushed through by Lenin
bough bolsheviks support
what is the idea of permanent revolution?
Trotsky and Lenin’s idea
promote socialist revolutions in other countries
what is the idea of socialism in one country?
Stalin’s idea to improve Russia, to make model how socialism would affect other countries inspiring them to become socialist
who were the united opposition?
zinoviev, kamanev and trotsky
what was the decleration of the thirteen?
criticisde government’s soft policy towards the Kulak’s and NEP
what was factionalism?
people going against the ban on factions
what was the great turn?
1928
stalin changed policy radically to seize grain
went againt nep and right
what were the toz?
land that peasants owned but shared machinery and co-operated in harvesting
common pre 1930
what were the sovkhoz?
land owned and run by the state
paid a regular wage like factory owners
what were the kolhoz?
all land was held in common adn run by an elected committee
50-100 households
all land, tools and livestock piled together
peasants farmed land as a single unit
each household maintained a private plot of one acre
