Glossary Flashcards
What is the localized collection of pus in cavity formed by dissolution of tissue?
Abscess
What is aerial hyphae?
Hyphae that grows above the agar surface
What is a cell that produces and extrudes conidia: the tip tapers, lengthens and acquires a ring of cell wall material as each conidia is released?
An Annelide
What is an apex (pl. apices)
The tip
What is the swelling of a sporangiophore immediately below the columella
Apophysis
What is an asexual spore formed by the breaking up of a hyphae at the point of septation? The resulting cell may be rectangular or barrel shaped and thick or thin walled depending on the genus.
Arthroconidium
What is a sexual spore produced in a sac-like structure known as an ascus?
Ascospore
What is a round of elongated sac-like structure containing 2-8 ascospores?
Ascus
What is meant by the asexual reproduction?
Also known as the imperfect state, reproduction by division or redistribution of nuclei but without nuclear fusion.
What is assimilation?
The ability to use a carbon or nitrogen source for growth.
What is a sexual spore formed on a structure known as a basidium, which is characteristic of the class Basidiomycetes.
Basidiospore
What is a phialide that is supported by a metula as opposed to a uniseriate phialide which forms directly on the vesicle. (pertains to Aspergillus)
Biseriate
What is a conidium formed by budding along the hypha, pseudohypha, or a single cell, as in the yeasts.
Blastoconidium
What is the process of asecual reproduction in which the new cell develops as a smaller overgrowth from the older parent cell. Characteristic of yeasts or yeast-like fungi.
Budding
What is a colorless, transparent, mucopolysaccharide sheath on the wall of a cell?
A capsule
What is an enlarged, rounded conidium that is thick walled and contains stored food, enabling it to function as a survival propagule.
Chlamydoconidium
What is the misnomer applied to the thick-walled vesicle formed by Canidia albicans.
Chlamydospore
What is the antibiotic produced by Streptomyces venezuelae, but usually prepared synthetically. It is a useful additive in mycology media, as it inhibits the growth of many bacteria that might contaminate the culture.
Choloamphenicol
What is the specialized bridge over a hyphal septum in the Basidiomycetes.
Clamp connection
What is a large, fairly round, closed, many-celled structure in which asci and ascospores are formed and held until the structure bursts?
Cleistothecium
What is the enlarged dome shaped tip of the sporangiophore that extends into the sporangium?
Columella
What is the specialized hyphal structure that serves as a stalk on which the conidia are formed?
Conidiophore
What is the asexual propagule that forms on the side or the end of the hypha or conidiophore. It is always born externally, not closed within a sac.
Conidium
What is the antibiotic used in selective mycology to inhibit the growth of saprophytic fungi?
Cycoheximide
What does dermatiaceous mean?
Having structures that are brown to black, this is due to the melanotic pigment in the cell walls.
What is a denticle?
a short, narrow projection bearing a conidium
What is a fungus belonging to the genus Trichophyton, Microsporum, or Epidermophyton with the ability to obtain nutrients from keratin and infect skin, nails, hair of humans or animals?
Dermatophyte
What does dimorphic mean?
Having two distinct morphological forms, a mold phase when cultured at 25-30C and a yeast phase when cultured at 35-37C.
What is is called when branching of hyphae into two equal branches that are each equal in diameter to the hypha from which they originated?
Dichotomous
What are terminal hyphal branches that are irregular, broad and antler-like in appearance?
Favic chandeliers
What is the word that describes a long cylindrical, and threadlike hyphae?
Filamentous
What are fuzzy cottony hyphae called?
Floccose
What is is called when at the base of the conidiophore, where it merges with the hyphae, thats typically seen in Aspergillus?
Foot cell
What is it called when you have the breaking of the hyphae into pieces, each of which is capable of forming a new organism?
Fragmentation
What does fusiform refer to?
Spindle shaped, being wider in the middle and narrowing toward the ends.
What is geniculate?
Bent like a knee
What is a tubelike growth from a conidium or spore, the beginning of a hypha?
Germ tube
What is a smooth, without or almost without aerial hyphae?
Glabrous
What is the scar of attachment, appears at the point where the conidium was formerly attached to the conidiophore?
Hilum
What are the thickened large sterile cells with a small lumen, they are associated with cleistothecia produced by the sexual stage of some Aspergillus?
Hulle cells
What does hyaline mean?
clear, colorless, transparent
What is an asexual fungus that produces mycellium that may be colorless or darkly pigmented?
Hyphomycete
What does intercalary refer to?
That it is situated w/in the hyphae, not on the ends or sides.
What is a scleroprotein containing large amounts of sulfur, such as cystine, the primary component of hair, skin and nails.
Keratin
What is Keratitis?
Inflammation of the cornea of the eye
What is macroconidia?
Multicelled conidia
What is the structure below the phialides of some Aspergillus and Penicillium?
Metula
What is microconidia?
Single celled conidia
What does muriform mean?
having transverse or longitudinal septations
What are mycelium?
a mat of intertwined hyphae that constitutes the colony of surface of a mold.
What is a localized, chronic cutaneous or subcutanous infection classically characterized by draining sinuses, granules, and swelling.
Mycetoma
What does mycosis mean?
A disease caused by a fungus
What is a round knot-like structure formed by intertwined hyphae, esp. seen in dermatophytes?
Nodular body
What is an ostiole?
A mouth or opening
What resembles a comb?
A pectinate
What is a firm or buttonlike mass formed on liquid medium by some fungi?
Pellicle
What is a round or pear shaped structure usually having a small rounded opening and contains asci and ascospores?
Perithecium
What is the prefix meaning dark (Brownish or black)
Phaeo
What is a subcutaneous or systemic disease caused by a variety of black fungi that develop in tissue as dark hyphae and or yeastlike cells?
Phaeohyphomycosis
What is a cell that produces and extrudes conidia without tapering or increasing in length with each new conidia produced?
Phialide
What is the occurrence of two or more forms in the life cycle of an organism?
Pleomorphism
What is a propagule?
A unit that can give rise to another organism
What is a large, round or flask shaped fruiting body containing conidia?
Pycnidium
What is a rhizoid?
A rootlike branched hypha extending into the medium
What is a saprophyte/saprobe?
An organism that uses dead organic matter as a source of nutrients
What does septate mean?
Having parallel crosswalls.
What are round thick walled structures containing spores, characteristics of Coccidiodes immitis in infected host material under direct microscopic exam.
Spherule
What does pyriform mean?
pear shaped
What is the portion of the life cycle in which the organism reproduces by the union of two nuclei.
Sexual state, also known as the perfect state
What is a specialized hyphal branch or stalk bearing a sporangium?
Sporangiophore
What is an asexual spore produced in a sporangium?
Sporangiospore
What is a closed sac-like structure in which asexual spored are formed by cleavage?
Sporangium
What is a propagule that develops by sexual reproduction or by asexual means within a sporangium.
Spore
What is the term formerly used to denote phialides of Aspergillus and other genera. More accuaretly refers to denticles produced by Basidiomycetes.
Sterigmata
What is a horizontal hypha, or runner, that grows along the surface of the medium, often bearing rhizoids that penetrate the medium and sporangiophores that ascend into the air.
Stolon
What is suppurative mean?
Producing pus
What is the thallus?
A vegetative body of fungus
What does truncate mean?
Cut off sharply, ending abruptly with a flattened edge.
What does tuberculate mean?
Having knob-like projections
What is a conidiogenous structure that continues to increase the length by forming a new growing point just below each new terminal conidium often resulting in a geniculate (bent) appearance.
Symphoidal growth
What is a phialide that forms directly on the vesicle, with reference to the genus Aspergillus?
Uniseriate
What is an enlarged structure at the end of a conidiophore or sporangiophore.
A vesicle
What is a group of cells radiating from a common point?
A whorl
What is a soft, pasty, smooth colony that usually no filamentous (fuzzy) growth can be observed macroscopically.
A yeast-like colony.
