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Mycology > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the localized collection of pus in cavity formed by dissolution of tissue?

A

Abscess

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2
Q

What is aerial hyphae?

A

Hyphae that grows above the agar surface

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3
Q

What is a cell that produces and extrudes conidia: the tip tapers, lengthens and acquires a ring of cell wall material as each conidia is released?

A

An Annelide

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4
Q

What is an apex (pl. apices)

A

The tip

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5
Q

What is the swelling of a sporangiophore immediately below the columella

A

Apophysis

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6
Q

What is an asexual spore formed by the breaking up of a hyphae at the point of septation? The resulting cell may be rectangular or barrel shaped and thick or thin walled depending on the genus.

A

Arthroconidium

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7
Q

What is a sexual spore produced in a sac-like structure known as an ascus?

A

Ascospore

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8
Q

What is a round of elongated sac-like structure containing 2-8 ascospores?

A

Ascus

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9
Q

What is meant by the asexual reproduction?

A

Also known as the imperfect state, reproduction by division or redistribution of nuclei but without nuclear fusion.

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10
Q

What is assimilation?

A

The ability to use a carbon or nitrogen source for growth.

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11
Q

What is a sexual spore formed on a structure known as a basidium, which is characteristic of the class Basidiomycetes.

A

Basidiospore

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12
Q

What is a phialide that is supported by a metula as opposed to a uniseriate phialide which forms directly on the vesicle. (pertains to Aspergillus)

A

Biseriate

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13
Q

What is a conidium formed by budding along the hypha, pseudohypha, or a single cell, as in the yeasts.

A

Blastoconidium

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14
Q

What is the process of asecual reproduction in which the new cell develops as a smaller overgrowth from the older parent cell. Characteristic of yeasts or yeast-like fungi.

A

Budding

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15
Q

What is a colorless, transparent, mucopolysaccharide sheath on the wall of a cell?

A

A capsule

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16
Q

What is an enlarged, rounded conidium that is thick walled and contains stored food, enabling it to function as a survival propagule.

A

Chlamydoconidium

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17
Q

What is the misnomer applied to the thick-walled vesicle formed by Canidia albicans.

A

Chlamydospore

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18
Q

What is the antibiotic produced by Streptomyces venezuelae, but usually prepared synthetically. It is a useful additive in mycology media, as it inhibits the growth of many bacteria that might contaminate the culture.

A

Choloamphenicol

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19
Q

What is the specialized bridge over a hyphal septum in the Basidiomycetes.

A

Clamp connection

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20
Q

What is a large, fairly round, closed, many-celled structure in which asci and ascospores are formed and held until the structure bursts?

A

Cleistothecium

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21
Q

What is the enlarged dome shaped tip of the sporangiophore that extends into the sporangium?

A

Columella

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22
Q

What is the specialized hyphal structure that serves as a stalk on which the conidia are formed?

A

Conidiophore

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23
Q

What is the asexual propagule that forms on the side or the end of the hypha or conidiophore. It is always born externally, not closed within a sac.

A

Conidium

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24
Q

What is the antibiotic used in selective mycology to inhibit the growth of saprophytic fungi?

A

Cycoheximide

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25
Q

What does dermatiaceous mean?

A

Having structures that are brown to black, this is due to the melanotic pigment in the cell walls.

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26
Q

What is a denticle?

A

a short, narrow projection bearing a conidium

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27
Q

What is a fungus belonging to the genus Trichophyton, Microsporum, or Epidermophyton with the ability to obtain nutrients from keratin and infect skin, nails, hair of humans or animals?

A

Dermatophyte

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28
Q

What does dimorphic mean?

A

Having two distinct morphological forms, a mold phase when cultured at 25-30C and a yeast phase when cultured at 35-37C.

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29
Q

What is is called when branching of hyphae into two equal branches that are each equal in diameter to the hypha from which they originated?

A

Dichotomous

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30
Q

What are terminal hyphal branches that are irregular, broad and antler-like in appearance?

A

Favic chandeliers

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31
Q

What is the word that describes a long cylindrical, and threadlike hyphae?

A

Filamentous

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32
Q

What are fuzzy cottony hyphae called?

A

Floccose

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33
Q

What is is called when at the base of the conidiophore, where it merges with the hyphae, thats typically seen in Aspergillus?

A

Foot cell

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34
Q

What is it called when you have the breaking of the hyphae into pieces, each of which is capable of forming a new organism?

A

Fragmentation

35
Q

What does fusiform refer to?

A

Spindle shaped, being wider in the middle and narrowing toward the ends.

36
Q

What is geniculate?

A

Bent like a knee

37
Q

What is a tubelike growth from a conidium or spore, the beginning of a hypha?

A

Germ tube

38
Q

What is a smooth, without or almost without aerial hyphae?

A

Glabrous

39
Q

What is the scar of attachment, appears at the point where the conidium was formerly attached to the conidiophore?

A

Hilum

40
Q

What are the thickened large sterile cells with a small lumen, they are associated with cleistothecia produced by the sexual stage of some Aspergillus?

A

Hulle cells

41
Q

What does hyaline mean?

A

clear, colorless, transparent

42
Q

What is an asexual fungus that produces mycellium that may be colorless or darkly pigmented?

A

Hyphomycete

43
Q

What does intercalary refer to?

A

That it is situated w/in the hyphae, not on the ends or sides.

44
Q

What is a scleroprotein containing large amounts of sulfur, such as cystine, the primary component of hair, skin and nails.

A

Keratin

45
Q

What is Keratitis?

A

Inflammation of the cornea of the eye

46
Q

What is macroconidia?

A

Multicelled conidia

47
Q

What is the structure below the phialides of some Aspergillus and Penicillium?

A

Metula

48
Q

What is microconidia?

A

Single celled conidia

49
Q

What does muriform mean?

A

having transverse or longitudinal septations

50
Q

What are mycelium?

A

a mat of intertwined hyphae that constitutes the colony of surface of a mold.

51
Q

What is a localized, chronic cutaneous or subcutanous infection classically characterized by draining sinuses, granules, and swelling.

A

Mycetoma

52
Q

What does mycosis mean?

A

A disease caused by a fungus

53
Q

What is a round knot-like structure formed by intertwined hyphae, esp. seen in dermatophytes?

A

Nodular body

54
Q

What is an ostiole?

A

A mouth or opening

55
Q

What resembles a comb?

A

A pectinate

56
Q

What is a firm or buttonlike mass formed on liquid medium by some fungi?

A

Pellicle

57
Q

What is a round or pear shaped structure usually having a small rounded opening and contains asci and ascospores?

A

Perithecium

58
Q

What is the prefix meaning dark (Brownish or black)

A

Phaeo

59
Q

What is a subcutaneous or systemic disease caused by a variety of black fungi that develop in tissue as dark hyphae and or yeastlike cells?

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

60
Q

What is a cell that produces and extrudes conidia without tapering or increasing in length with each new conidia produced?

A

Phialide

61
Q

What is the occurrence of two or more forms in the life cycle of an organism?

A

Pleomorphism

62
Q

What is a propagule?

A

A unit that can give rise to another organism

63
Q

What is a large, round or flask shaped fruiting body containing conidia?

A

Pycnidium

64
Q

What is a rhizoid?

A

A rootlike branched hypha extending into the medium

65
Q

What is a saprophyte/saprobe?

A

An organism that uses dead organic matter as a source of nutrients

66
Q

What does septate mean?

A

Having parallel crosswalls.

67
Q

What are round thick walled structures containing spores, characteristics of Coccidiodes immitis in infected host material under direct microscopic exam.

A

Spherule

68
Q

What does pyriform mean?

A

pear shaped

69
Q

What is the portion of the life cycle in which the organism reproduces by the union of two nuclei.

A

Sexual state, also known as the perfect state

70
Q

What is a specialized hyphal branch or stalk bearing a sporangium?

A

Sporangiophore

71
Q

What is an asexual spore produced in a sporangium?

A

Sporangiospore

72
Q

What is a closed sac-like structure in which asexual spored are formed by cleavage?

A

Sporangium

73
Q

What is a propagule that develops by sexual reproduction or by asexual means within a sporangium.

A

Spore

74
Q

What is the term formerly used to denote phialides of Aspergillus and other genera. More accuaretly refers to denticles produced by Basidiomycetes.

A

Sterigmata

75
Q

What is a horizontal hypha, or runner, that grows along the surface of the medium, often bearing rhizoids that penetrate the medium and sporangiophores that ascend into the air.

A

Stolon

76
Q

What is suppurative mean?

A

Producing pus

77
Q

What is the thallus?

A

A vegetative body of fungus

78
Q

What does truncate mean?

A

Cut off sharply, ending abruptly with a flattened edge.

79
Q

What does tuberculate mean?

A

Having knob-like projections

80
Q

What is a conidiogenous structure that continues to increase the length by forming a new growing point just below each new terminal conidium often resulting in a geniculate (bent) appearance.

A

Symphoidal growth

81
Q

What is a phialide that forms directly on the vesicle, with reference to the genus Aspergillus?

A

Uniseriate

82
Q

What is an enlarged structure at the end of a conidiophore or sporangiophore.

A

A vesicle

83
Q

What is a group of cells radiating from a common point?

A

A whorl

84
Q

What is a soft, pasty, smooth colony that usually no filamentous (fuzzy) growth can be observed macroscopically.

A

A yeast-like colony.

Mycology (1 decks)

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