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Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

adnate

A

(of gills) connected to stem by whole depth of gill, e.g. Stropharia aerugin

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2
Q

adnexed

A

(of gills) connected to stem by part of the depth of the gill

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3
Q

adpressed

A

closely flattened onto surface

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4
Q

agaric

A

general term for a fungus with gills

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5
Q

amyloid

A

turning blue-black in iodine solutions such as Melzer’s reagent

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6
Q

appendiculate

A

fringed with remains of the veil, e.g. Lacrymaria velutina

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7
Q

appressed

A

closely flattened onto surface

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8
Q

Ascomycetes

A

one of the major groups in fungi containing all those producing spores in asci which are liberated by pressure

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9
Q

ascospores

A

reproductive cell of the Ascomycetes

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10
Q

ascus

A

elongated cell in which ascospores are produced

(plural asci)

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11
Q

basidia

A

club-shaped cells on which spores are produced in Basidiomycetes

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12
Q

Basidiomycetes

A

a major and very diverse group of fungi,including gill fungi, boletes, polypores, clavarias, jelly fungi and Gasteromycetes, characterized by the presence of Basidia

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13
Q

basidiospore

A

reproductive cell of the Basidiomycetes

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14
Q

binding hyphae

A

much-branched, thick-walled hyphae without dividing cell walls which bind other hyphae together

Polypores often have more than one type of hyphae in their fruiting bodies. The hyphae that are usually still alive and bear the spores are called the generative hyphae. A polypore that has only generative hyphae is said to have a monomitic hyphal system. The other two kinds of hyphae are skeletal hyphae (long, unbranched, thick-walled hyphae) and binding hyphae (sometimes thick-walled, tremendously and frequently branched). Skeletal and binding hyphae are usually empty of cell contents, which travel continuously to the very tip of the growing hypha, leaving empty cell wall structures behind. It is these empty hyphae that make many polypores so tough and hard.

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15
Q

bulb

A

abrupt swelling at stem base

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16
Q

bulbous

A

swollen into a bulb, e.g. Cortinarius auroturbinatus

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17
Q

caespitose

A

joined in tufts, e.g. Hypholoma fasiculare

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18
Q

campanulate

A

bell-shaped, e.g. Conocybe lactea

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19
Q

capillitium

A

mass of sterile threadlike fibres among the spores in the Gasteromycetes which may aid spore dispersal

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20
Q

capitate

A

with a round head

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21
Q

cartilaginous

A

firm but flexible, as opposed to granular

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22
Q

cheilocystidia

A

cystidia on the gill edge

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23
Q

chlamydospore

A

a thick-walled, non-deciduous spore

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24
Q

chrysocystidia

A

cystidia with granular contents which turn yellowish in alkali solutions

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25
clamp connection
a hyphal outgrowth connecting the two adjoining cells resulting from a cell division bypassing the dividing cell wall and apparently involved in the movement of nuclei
26
clavate
club-like, e.g. Clitocybe clavipes
27
coralloid
much-branched, corallike
28
cortina (adjective cortinate)
weblike covering running between stem and cap edge enclosing the gills, e.g. Cortinarius auroturbinatus
29
cortinal zone
faint remnant of cortina on stem
30
crescentric
crescent-like in form
31
cuticle
the surface tissue layer of the cap or stalk
32
cystidiole
a sterile cell protruding beyond the spore-bearing surface
33
cystidium
sterile cell, variable in shape, occurring between basidia in the sporebearing surface, or in other parts of the fruit body | (plural cystidia)
34
decurrent tooth
(of gill) where only the narrow end portion of the gill runs down the stem
35
decurrent
(of gills) running down the stem, e.g. Clitocybe infundibuliformis
36
dendroid
tree-like
37
dermatocystidia
cystidia on the cap surface
38
dextrinoid
turning reddish-brown with iodine solutions such as Melzer’s
39
dichotomously
(branched) branching repeatedly in two
40
dimitic
having two kinds of hyphae
41
eccentric
(of stem) off center, not centered in the cap
42
emarginate
(of gills) see sinuate sinuate: (of gills) = emarginated notched just before joining the stem, e.g. Hebeloma crustuliniforme
43
equal
(of stem) being of the same thickness over its entire length
44
excentric
off-centred
45
FeSO4
Iron II Sulphate solution or crystal applied to Russula stems may give significant colour change
46
fibril
a small fibre
47
fibrillose
covered with small fibres
48
filiform
thread-like
49
fimbriate
fringed
50
flexuose, flexuous
undulating
51
floccose
cottony, covered with cottony tufts
52
free
(of gills) not connected to stem, e.g. Amanita muscaria
53
fugacious
short-lived, fleeting
54
fusiform
spindle-shaped, narrowing at both ends
55
fusoid
somewhat spindle-shaped
56
Gasteromycetes
a large, diverse group within the Basidiomycetes characterized by the basidiospores maturing within the fruit body; includes puff-balls, earth stars, stinkhorns and birds-nest fungi
57
generative hyphae
thin-walled, branched hyphae with dividing cell walls, giving rise to other types of hyphae, e.g. binding hyphae
58
germ-pore
a differentiated area in a spore wall which may give rise to a germination tube
59
glabrous
smooth, hairless
60
glandular dots
moist, sticky spots on surface of stem
61
gleba
fleshy mycelial tissue which contains the spore-bearing cavities present in asteromycetes
62
gloeocystidia
thin-walled cystidia with refractive, frequently granular contents
63
granulate
covered with tiny particles
64
hyaline
translucent or transparent, colourless
65
hygrophanous
becoming darker coloured and appearing watersoaked when wet, drying paler
66
hymeniform
resembling a hymenium but lacking functional basidia
67
hymenium
spore-bearing surface
68
hypha
(plural hyphae) a single filament, the basic unit forming the fungus (adjective hyphal)
69
immarginate
without a distinct edge
70
infundibuliform
funnel-shaped
71
innate
inseparable, bedded in
72
intercalary
between two cells
73
iodoform
a crystalline compound of iodine, used as an antiseptic, with a distinctive smell (iodine)
74
lageniform
shaped like a narrow-necked flask
75
lanceolate
elongate and tapering towards both ends
76
latex
a milky, usually white juice exuded by the gills of lactarius species when cut or broken
77
marginate
(bulb) having a well-defined edge, e.g. Cortinarius amoenolens
78
Melzer’s Reagent
1.5g iodine, 5g potassium iodide + 100g chloral hydrate dissolved in 100ml warm distilled water; mucronate with a short, sharp point
79
milk
a milky, usually white juice exuded by the gills of Lactarius species when cut or broken
80
monomitic
having only one kind of hyphae
81
mycelium
(plural mycelia) vegetative stage of a fungus comprising a thread-like to felt-like mass
82
NaOH or KOH
sodium or potassium hydroxide: a 10% aqueous solution

Mycology (1 decks)

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