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Mycology > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

adnate

A

(of gills) connected to stem by whole depth of gill, e.g. Stropharia aerugin

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2
Q

adnexed

A

(of gills) connected to stem by part of the depth of the gill

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3
Q

adpressed

A

closely flattened onto surface

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4
Q

agaric

A

general term for a fungus with gills

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5
Q

amyloid

A

turning blue-black in iodine solutions such as Melzer’s reagent

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6
Q

appendiculate

A

fringed with remains of the veil, e.g. Lacrymaria velutina

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7
Q

appressed

A

closely flattened onto surface

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8
Q

Ascomycetes

A

one of the major groups in fungi containing all those producing spores in asci which are liberated by pressure

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9
Q

ascospores

A

reproductive cell of the Ascomycetes

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10
Q

ascus

A

elongated cell in which ascospores are produced

(plural asci)

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11
Q

basidia

A

club-shaped cells on which spores are produced in Basidiomycetes

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12
Q

Basidiomycetes

A

a major and very diverse group of fungi,including gill fungi, boletes, polypores, clavarias, jelly fungi and Gasteromycetes, characterized by the presence of Basidia

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13
Q

basidiospore

A

reproductive cell of the Basidiomycetes

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14
Q

binding hyphae

A

much-branched, thick-walled hyphae without dividing cell walls which bind other hyphae together

Polypores often have more than one type of hyphae in their fruiting bodies. The hyphae that are usually still alive and bear the spores are called the generative hyphae. A polypore that has only generative hyphae is said to have a monomitic hyphal system. The other two kinds of hyphae are skeletal hyphae (long, unbranched, thick-walled hyphae) and binding hyphae (sometimes thick-walled, tremendously and frequently branched). Skeletal and binding hyphae are usually empty of cell contents, which travel continuously to the very tip of the growing hypha, leaving empty cell wall structures behind. It is these empty hyphae that make many polypores so tough and hard.

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15
Q

bulb

A

abrupt swelling at stem base

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16
Q

bulbous

A

swollen into a bulb, e.g. Cortinarius auroturbinatus

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17
Q

caespitose

A

joined in tufts, e.g. Hypholoma fasiculare

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18
Q

campanulate

A

bell-shaped, e.g. Conocybe lactea

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19
Q

capillitium

A

mass of sterile threadlike fibres among the spores in the Gasteromycetes which may aid spore dispersal

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20
Q

capitate

A

with a round head

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21
Q

cartilaginous

A

firm but flexible, as opposed to granular

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22
Q

cheilocystidia

A

cystidia on the gill edge

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23
Q

chlamydospore

A

a thick-walled, non-deciduous spore

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24
Q

chrysocystidia

A

cystidia with granular contents which turn yellowish in alkali solutions

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25
Q

clamp connection

A

a hyphal outgrowth connecting the two adjoining cells resulting from a cell division bypassing the dividing cell wall and apparently involved in the movement of nuclei

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26
Q

clavate

A

club-like, e.g. Clitocybe clavipes

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27
Q

coralloid

A

much-branched, corallike

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28
Q

cortina (adjective cortinate)

A

weblike covering running between stem and cap edge enclosing the gills, e.g. Cortinarius auroturbinatus

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29
Q

cortinal zone

A

faint remnant of cortina on stem

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30
Q

crescentric

A

crescent-like in form

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31
Q

cuticle

A

the surface tissue layer of the cap or stalk

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32
Q

cystidiole

A

a sterile cell protruding beyond the spore-bearing surface

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33
Q

cystidium

A

sterile cell, variable in shape, occurring between basidia in the sporebearing surface, or in other parts of the fruit body

(plural cystidia)

34
Q

decurrent tooth

A

(of gill) where only the narrow end portion of the gill runs down the stem

35
Q

decurrent

A

(of gills) running down the stem, e.g. Clitocybe infundibuliformis

36
Q

dendroid

A

tree-like

37
Q

dermatocystidia

A

cystidia on the cap surface

38
Q

dextrinoid

A

turning reddish-brown with iodine solutions such as Melzer’s

39
Q

dichotomously

A

(branched) branching repeatedly in two

40
Q

dimitic

A

having two kinds of hyphae

41
Q

eccentric

A

(of stem) off center, not centered in the cap

42
Q

emarginate

A

(of gills) see sinuate

sinuate: (of gills) = emarginated notched just before joining the stem, e.g. Hebeloma crustuliniforme

43
Q

equal

A

(of stem) being of the same thickness over its entire length

44
Q

excentric

A

off-centred

45
Q

FeSO4

A

Iron II Sulphate solution or crystal applied to Russula stems may give significant colour change

46
Q

fibril

A

a small fibre

47
Q

fibrillose

A

covered with small fibres

48
Q

filiform

A

thread-like

49
Q

fimbriate

A

fringed

50
Q

flexuose, flexuous

A

undulating

51
Q

floccose

A

cottony, covered with cottony tufts

52
Q

free

A

(of gills) not connected to stem, e.g. Amanita muscaria

53
Q

fugacious

A

short-lived, fleeting

54
Q

fusiform

A

spindle-shaped, narrowing at both ends

55
Q

fusoid

A

somewhat spindle-shaped

56
Q

Gasteromycetes

A

a large, diverse group within the Basidiomycetes characterized by the basidiospores maturing within the fruit body; includes puff-balls, earth stars, stinkhorns and birds-nest fungi

57
Q

generative hyphae

A

thin-walled, branched hyphae with dividing cell walls, giving rise to other types of hyphae, e.g. binding hyphae

58
Q

germ-pore

A

a differentiated area in a spore wall which may give rise to a germination tube

59
Q

glabrous

A

smooth, hairless

60
Q

glandular dots

A

moist, sticky spots on surface of stem

61
Q

gleba

A

fleshy mycelial tissue which contains the spore-bearing cavities present in asteromycetes

62
Q

gloeocystidia

A

thin-walled cystidia with refractive, frequently granular contents

63
Q

granulate

A

covered with tiny particles

64
Q

hyaline

A

translucent or transparent, colourless

65
Q

hygrophanous

A

becoming darker coloured and appearing watersoaked when wet, drying paler

66
Q

hymeniform

A

resembling a hymenium but lacking functional basidia

67
Q

hymenium

A

spore-bearing surface

68
Q

hypha

A

(plural hyphae) a single filament, the basic unit forming the fungus (adjective hyphal)

69
Q

immarginate

A

without a distinct edge

70
Q

infundibuliform

A

funnel-shaped

71
Q

innate

A

inseparable, bedded in

72
Q

intercalary

A

between two cells

73
Q

iodoform

A

a crystalline compound of iodine, used as an antiseptic, with a distinctive smell (iodine)

74
Q

lageniform

A

shaped like a narrow-necked flask

75
Q

lanceolate

A

elongate and tapering towards both ends

76
Q

latex

A

a milky, usually white juice exuded by the gills of lactarius species when cut or broken

77
Q

marginate

A

(bulb) having a well-defined edge, e.g. Cortinarius amoenolens

78
Q

Melzer’s Reagent

A

1.5g iodine, 5g potassium iodide + 100g chloral hydrate dissolved in 100ml warm distilled water; mucronate with a short, sharp point

79
Q

milk

A

a milky, usually white juice exuded by the gills of Lactarius species when cut or broken

80
Q

monomitic

A

having only one kind of hyphae

81
Q

mycelium

A

(plural mycelia) vegetative stage of a fungus comprising a thread-like to felt-like mass

82
Q

NaOH or KOH

A

sodium or potassium hydroxide: a 10% aqueous solution

Mycology (1 decks)

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