Glossary

Question 1

Abutment/Butt

Answer 1

End of a scarfed timber cut approximately at right angles to the length of the timber

Question 2

Aisle (see 1a, 1A)

Answer 2

the side comparment of a house, hall or barn, spearated from the main buidling by an arcade

Question 3

Arcade (1k)

Answer 3

Division in a timber building consisting of a row of posts and its superstructure, between the nave or central space of an aisled building

Question 4

A raised isle truss (1B)

Answer 4

has a complete aisled structur stanind on a tie-beam

Question 5

Aisle tie (1c)

Answer 5

Horizontal timber tyin gthe wall of an aisle to an arcade post

Question 6

Arcade Post ((1i)

Answer 6

One of the posts in an arcade, also aisle post

Question 7

Arch

Answer 7

Shaped Head to a window or doorway. Include a) Cranked, b) Tudor, c) Four centred, d) Segmental e) Ogee, f) Round, g) Shouldered, H) Pointed (two centred)

Question 8

Arris

Answer 8

The line along which to timber surfaces meet.

Question 9

Ashlar Piece

Answer 9

Vertical timber forming a triangle between the rafter and the inner face of the wall of a masonary building, also a ashlar post See e).

Question 10

Assembly Marks

Answer 10

Incised numerals or symbols, normally with a knife, chisel or spoon bit, used in prefarbricated construction to indicate matching timbers in a truss or frame, also called carpenters marks. See 23 b)

Question 11

Assembly Normal

Answer 11

Method of construction in which the plate is trapped between the tie beam and post.

Reversed Assembly - construction in which the plate rests directly on the tie beam so that 1) a plate can be laid on an irregular alignment of posts or, 2) aisle posts can be reared in pairs without using strainer beams

Question 12

Axial Beam

Answer 12

Ceiling beam along the length of a house. Contrast to transverse beam.

See2k and 17d

Question 13

Balusters

Answer 13

Vertical supports for a handrail, collectively called a balustrade.

Balusters are tenoned or nailed at their top into the handrail (21e) and at the bottom into the String or Treads - see 21a, b, f

Question 14

Types of balusters

Answer 14

turned (21f) on a lathe

moulded (21b) retaining the rectangular section of the timber

Flat (21a) made from a plank, shaped to imitate turning and often pierced, sometimes called a splat baluster

Question 15

Barge Boards

Answer 15

Boards, often carved or fretted, fixed to the ends of the purlins at the gable - 14b

Question 16

Batten

Answer 16

Small timber (not exceeeding 2-3 inches (5 - 8cm) in width)nailed to a rafter for slate or tile hanging, or to a wall frame as a base for cladding see 32C

Question 17

Cruck what is it and what types are there?

Answer 17

A True Cruck consists of a pair of timbers (Blades) (6 I) straight or curved, serving as the principals of a roof, and stretching to a point at or close to the apex of the roof from a leval weel down the side wall.

There are variations. Cruck Truss, cruck frame, base cruck (7A), end cruck (hip) (6p_, Jointed cruck, (6B) middle cruck (raised base), Raised cruck (7D) two tier cruck (7F), Upper cruck (7E)

Question 18

What forms a cruck truss?

Answer 18

A cruck truss (6C) consists of a pair of cruck blades with transverse members that may include a tiebeam (6d) at or below wall top level, spurs (6k), collar (6j) or collars, saddle (6b) or yoke (6c

Question 19

What is a Bay

Answer 19

The portion of a framed building between principal supporting timbers, conveniently used as a unit of measurement to indiate the length of a building or part of it. eg. two-bay hall (18b, 19A)

Question 20

What is a beam, give some types

Answer 20

A major horizontal timber

Anchor Beam (28Q) - beam