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Semantics > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Unrelated senses of the same phonological word

A

Homonymy

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2
Q

Sense of the same written word. Lap: circuit of a course/ part of the body.

A

Homograph

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3
Q

Sensed of the same spoken words. Ring/Wring

A

Homophone

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4
Q

Invoked if the senses of the same phonological word are judged to be related.

A

Polysemy

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5
Q

How would you list polysemous and homonymous senses?

A

Polysemous: under the same lexical entry
Homonymous: in a separate entry

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6
Q

Different phonological words that have the same or very similar meanings. Couch/sofa, boy/ lad

A

Synonymy

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7
Q

Words which are opposite on meaning

A

Antonyms

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8
Q

What are the different types of antonyms?

A

Complementary antonyms
Gradable antonyms
Reverses
Converses

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9
Q

A relation between words such that the negative of one implies the positive of the other. Dead/alive, pass/fail,hit/miss

A

Complementary antonyms

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10
Q

A relationship between opposites where the positive of 9nes does not necessarily imply the negative of the other. Hot( warn, tepid, cool) cold

A

Gradable antonyms

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11
Q

A relation between opposites describing movement: one term describes movement in one direction and the other the same movement in the opposite direction. Push/pull, come/go, ascend/descend

A

Reverses

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12
Q

Terms which describe a relation between 2 entities from alternate viewpoints: own/belong to, above/below, employer/employee

A

Converses

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13
Q

Hierarchical classification system

A

Taxonomies

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14
Q

Used to describe words which are at the same.level in a taxonomy like the colors red and blue

A

Taxonomic sisters

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15
Q

Taxonomy that describes groups of words that don’t accept new member like the days of the week

A

Taxonomies close

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16
Q

Taxonomy that accepts new members like the flavors of ice cream

A

Taxonomies open

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17
Q

A relation of inclusion. It includes the meaning of a more general word like dog and cat imply animal and sister and mother imply woman

A

Hyponymy

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18
Q

The more general term for a word like tool for hammer

A

Hyperonym

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19
Q

Describes a part-whole relationship between lexical items (nose for face) (cover for page)

A

Meronymy

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20
Q

What are the two types of meronymy?

A

Transitive and Non- transitive

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21
Q

What type of meronymy would this example be?

Nail as meronymy for finger and finger for hand, so nail is a meronym of hand

A

Transitive meronymy

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22
Q

What type of meronymy would this example be?

Pane is meronym of window, window of room but pane isnt a meronym of window

A

Non-transitive meronymy

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23
Q

A pattern of distinct but related senses of a lexeme

A

Polysemy

24
Q

Related words descended from a common ancestor language

A

Cognates

25
Q

Comes from the meaning relations within the sentence: My father is my father

A

Analytic truth

26
Q

It accords with the facts of the world: My father is a sailor

A

Synthetic truth

27
Q

Verbs which describe a situation or process which lasts for a period of time: John slept

A

Durative

28
Q

Verbs that describe an event that seems so instantaneous that it involves virtually no time: John coughed

A

Punctual or semelfactive

29
Q

Verbs that are between curative and punctual verbs. The event is assumed to be repeated for a period of time: john coughed all the night

A

Iterative verbs

30
Q

Refers to those processes that are seen as having a natural completion: verbs such as paint, draw and build are inherently this: harry was building a draft

A

Telic

31
Q

Refers to those processes that cam continue indefinitely: talk, sleep and walk: harry was gazing at the sea

A

Atelic

32
Q

What are the different types of situations?

A 
States 
Activities 
Accomplishment 
Accomplishments 
Achievements 
Semelfactive
33
Q

What kind of situation would the verbs desire want love hate know believe fall into? She hated ice cream

A

States

34
Q

What kind of situation would the verbs rin walk push a cart drive a car fall into? Your cat watched those birds

A

Activities

35
Q

To what kind of situation would the phrases to run a mile to draw a circle to walk to school to paint a picture to grow up fall into? Her boss learned japanese

A

Accomplishment

36
Q

Instantaneous changes of states, with an outcome of a new state (points events). Recognize, find, stop, start l, reach the top . The cease-fire began at noon yesterday

A

Achievements

37
Q

Instantaneous atelic events: knock, cough, sneeze - the gate banged

A

Semelfactive

38
Q

Describe action as ongoing and continuing. Used with dynamic situations rather than states. Provide a way of describing processes as being as being extended through time without any implication of completion

A

Progressive forms

39
Q

Speaker signals degress of knowledge. Judge the way the real world is– it is possible for you to drive his car

A

Epistemic modality

40
Q

What are the types of modality

A

Epistemic
Deontic
Ability
Bouletic

41
Q

Mark the speaker attitude to social factor of obligation responsibility and permission– you have the permission to drive his car

A

Deontic modality

42
Q

Reflects possibility based on the speakers view of a subject’s abilities. Alexander can okay cricket

A

Ability modality

43
Q

Reflects possibility and necessity relative to the speaker’s view of a subject’s desires

A

Bouletic modality

44
Q

Allows a speaker to communicate her attitude to the source of her information.

A

Evidentiality

45
Q

Name all the thematic roles

A 
Agent 
Theme 
Experiencer 
Beneficiary 
Instrument 
Location
Goal 
Source 
Percept/Stimulus 
Force 
Recipient
46
Q

Name the Grice maxims of conversational cooperation

A

The maxim of quality
The maxim of quantity
The maxim if relevance
The maxim of manner

47
Q

What maxim says that you should make your contribution one that is true and

a. Do not day what you believe is false
b. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence

A

The maxim of quality

48
Q

What maxim says

a. Make your contribution as informative as required (for the current purposes of exchange)
b. Do not make your contribution more informed than required

A

The maxim of quantity

49
Q

What maxim says make your contribution relevant

A

The maxim of relevance

50
Q

What maxim says to be perspicuous, and specifically:

Avoid ambiguity
Avoid obscurity
Be brief
Be orderly

A

Maxim of manner

51
Q

Instances where the inplicature is entirely context dependent - can I borrow your purse mine is kn the hall

A

PCI: Particularized conversational implicature

52
Q

Instances where the implocature is more predictable and less context dependent- the president was assassinated yesterday

A

GCI: Generalized conversational implicature

53
Q

Which principle draws together Grice’s first quantity maxim (be as informative as required) and the first two sub maxims of Manners (Avoid ambiguity and avoid obscurity) ?- say as much as you want

A

Q principle

54
Q

Which principle is based on speaker economy and subsumed the relevance Maxim with the last to maxims of manner (be brief, be orderly) - say no more than you must

A

R principle

55
Q

The extend to which, and the means by which, a sentence can be shown to be true or false

A

Verifiability

56
Q

What are Searle’s categories of speech acts?

A 
Representatives 
Directives 
Commisive 
Expressive 
Declarations

Semantics (1 decks)

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