Glossary Flashcards
1
Q
abstract (summary)
A
n. resumen, sumario, extracto
2
Q
accessory (assistant in a crime)
A
n. accesorio
3
Q
accomplice (assistant in a crime)
A
n. cómplice
4
Q
accusation (written charge)
A
n. acusación, denuncia
5
Q
accused (defendant)
A
n. acusado
6
Q
acquit (to decide as innocent, let free)
A
v. absolver, exogenar, exculpar
7
Q
acquittal (clearing of a person from a charge;
finding the defendant not guilty)
A
n. absolución
8
Q
action (lawsuit)
A
n. acción, proceso, acto
9
Q
addict (someone who is addicted to drugs)
A
n. adicto
10
Q
adjudicate (to judge)
A
v. ajudicar
11
Q
adjudication (deciding of a case through
judicial or administrative hearing)
A
n. adjudicación
12
Q
admissible (acceptable)
A
adj. admisible, aceptable
13
Q
admission (disclosure of adverse facts)
A
n. admisión, confesión
14
Q
adoption (legal process establishing a parental
relationship between adoptive parent and child
born of other parents)
A
n. adopción
15
Q
advisement of rights (making a person aware of
their rights)
A
n. notificación de derechos
16
Q
affidavit (official sworn statement)
A
n. declaración jurada, testimonio
17
Q
affidavit of prejudice (sworn statement alleging
a potential judge is biased)
A
n. declaración jurada de prejuicio
18
Q
agreement (mutual promises)
A
n. acuerdo, convenio
19
Q
aid and abet (to assist in a crime)
A
v. ser
cómplice de, ayudar
20
Q
alibi (defendant’s story of innocence when a
crime is committed, allegedly by another)
A
n. coartada, alibí
21
Q
alien (foreign-born immigrant who is not
naturalized)
A
n. extranjero
22
Q
alimony (support payment to divorced spouse)
A
n. pensión alimenticia
23
Q
allegation (statement of fact the party intends to
prove)
A
n. alegación
24
Q
alleged (asserted as a true fact, but not yet
proven)
A
adj. alegado
25
amend (to revise)
v. enmendar
26
amendment (modification of a document)
n. enmienda
27
answer (defendant’s formal document setting
| out defense in a civil case)
n. contestación a la
| demanda
28
appeal (a review of a case by a higher court); (to file a case in a higher court)
n.; v. apelación
29
appearance (party’s presence in court)
n. comparecencia
30
arbitration (judging of a dispute)
n. arbitraje
31
arraign (to formally advise defendant of the
| charges at an initial court appearance)
v. acusar
32
arraignment (legal procedure to advise
defendant of the charges; initial court
appearance)
n. acusación, denuncia
33
arrest (law enforcement’s taking of a suspect
| into formal custody)
n. arresto
34
arson (beginning a criminal fire)
n. incendio intencional
35
assault (attack on another person)
n. ataque, agresión
36
assault, aggravated (higher degree of assault)
n. asalto más grave, ataque agravado
37
assault with a deadly weapon (attacking a
person with a weapon that could potentially take
a life)
n. asalto con arma mortífera
38
assignee (counsel assigned to defendant)
n. apoderado, cesionario
39
at issue (in question; the issue being addressed)
adj. en cuestión, de lo que se está hablando
40
attest (to affirm under oath)
v. deposición, atestación
41
attorney (legal representative)
n. abogado, consejero, procurador
42
attorney of record (the person who has been
recorded in the case file as the counsel for that
case)
n. abogado que consta
43
authenticate (verify as authentic)
v. autentificar
44
```
auto tampering (to interfere or meddle with
another’s automobile)
```
n. hacer modificaciones fraudulentas a un auto
45
bail (money or property given as security for the
| release of a defendant awaiting trial)
n. fianza, caución
46
```
bail bondsman (person responsible hired to
enforce the conditions of bail)
```
n. persona responsible de hacer cumplir las condiciones de la fianza
47
```
bail forfeiture (losing the money spent on bail
because defendant violates the conditions of the
bail)
```
n. pérdida del dinero usado para fianza por
| haberse violado las condiciones de la fianza
48
bail review (official reconsideration of bail)
n. revisión de fianza
49
bailiff (officer of the court)
n. alguacil
50
bankruptcy (legal declaration of one’s inability
| to pay debts)
n. bancarrota, quiebra
51
battery (physical attack on another person)
n. agresión
52
battery, spousal (physical attack on one’s
| spouse)
n. agresión contra la pareja
53
bench (judge or court)
n. banco, tribunal
54
bias (prejudice)
n. parcialidad, predisposición, prejuicio
55
```
body attachment (official attachment of
document to case file)
```
n. anexo oficial de un documento al archivo
56
bond (certificate of debt redeemable by court if
| defendant fails to appear in court)
n. bono, obligación
57
```
booking number (identification number for
case of person under arrest)
```
n. número del caso o del arrestado
58
brandishing a weapon (carrying a weapon in a
| threatening manner)
n. llevar un arma en forma amenazadora
59
breaking and entering (illegally entering a
| building)
n. allanamiento de morada
60
breathalyzer (breath test for alcohol)
n. análisis de aliento
61
bribe (an illegal offer of money, property or
| services for another service)
n. soborno, mordida
62
brief (written summary of case)
n. alegato, resumen
63
burden of proof (legal requirement of
| prosecution to prove the guilt of defendant)
n. obligación de prueba
64
burglary (theft, stealing)
n. robo, hurto
65
calendar, court (official scheduling calendar for
a particular court, usually scheduled by the court
clerk)
n. lista de pleitos, calendario judicial
66
capital punishment (death penalty)
n. pena capital
67
case (criminal or civil lawsuit)
n. caso, pleito
68
case of action (criminal or civil lawsuit)
n. denuncia criminal o civil
69
causation (a causing, something producing an
| effect)
n. causativo, causante
70
certified (verified as authentic or accurate)
; (in possession of an official certificate which
identifies that its holder is qualified or
professional)
adj. certificado, titulado
71
chain of custody (order of parental relationships
| to child)
n. cadena de custodia, resumen del
| orden de las relaciones de los padres al hijo
72
challenge (to object to the qualifications of a
| potential jury)
v. poner objeción, recusación
73
challenge for a cause (party’s challenge to
| disqualify a potential juror)
n. recusación para
| causa
74
chambers (judge’s office)
n. cámara, sala
75
charge (accusation; indictment)
n. acusación
76
```
child support (monetary responsibility to
support child)
```
n. manutención de niño
77
circumstances, aggravating (fact or situation
which increases the degree of liability or
responsibility for a criminal act)
n. circunstancias agravantes
78
circumstances, mitigating (fact or situation
which does not justify or excuse an offense, but
does reduce the degree of liability or
responsibility and may also reduce the damages
[civil] or punishment [criminal])
n. circunstancias mitigantes
79
citation (official notice to appear in court,
| especially in traffic court); (notation of legal authority)
n. citación, cita; n. notación de
| autoridad legal
80
```
civil action (legal action relating to money or
property)
```
n. juicio civil
81
claim (legal demand, complaint)
n. demanda
82
clerk (court official, judge’s administrative
| assistant)
n. secretario del tribunal, oficial del
| juzgado
83
collateral (property pledged to secure a debt,
| e.g. bail)
n. resguardo, seguridad colateral
84
commissioner (public official with authority
over court room in initial appearances before
going to trial)
n. comisario, comisionado
85
commit (to institutionalize, e.g. to a mental
| hospital); (to perpetuate, e.g. a crime)
v. internar (ej. en un hospital mental); v. cometer (ej. un crimen)
86
competency (legal capacity to stand trial)
n. aptitud, capacidad
87
complaint (written statement initiating a
| criminal or civil action)
n. demanda, escrito de agravios
88
comply (to act as directed or ordered)
v. cumplir, obedecer
89
composite drawing (drawing of a suspect made
by a police artist, based on the description from
a witness)
n. dibujo hablado
90
confession (admission of guilt)
n. confesión
91
confiscate (governmental seizure of property)
v. confiscar
92
conflict of interest (reason a party to the case
might be too personally involved to provide
objective services)
n. conflicto de interés
93
consideration (benefit to promisor or detriment
| to promise)
n. consideración
94
conspiracy (an unlawful plot, a plan to do
| something illegal)
n. conspiración
95
```
constitutional right (a freedom guaranteed by
the Constitution)
```
n. derecho constitucional
96
contempt of court (acting against the rules of
| the court)
n. desacato al tribunal, rebeldía
97
continuance (rescheduling a legal proceeding
| for a later date)
n. aplazamiento, continuación
98
convict (an individual who has been found
guilty and incarcerated); (to find a
defendant guilty of a crime)
n.convicto; v. condenar
99
conviction (finding of guilt in a criminal case)
n. convicción, fallo de culpabilidad
100
coroner (public officer who determines the
| cause of death)
n. médico forense
101
corroborate (to verify)
v. corroborar, verificar
102
counsel (lawyer, legal representation); (to advise)
n. abogado; v. aconsejar
103
count (a numbered charge)
n. cargo
104
counterclaim (lawsuit by respondent in
| response to initial lawsuit in a civil case)
n. contrademanda
105
counterfeit (to falsify)
v. falsificación
106
counterfeiting (falsifying)
n. falsificando
107
```
county jail (temporary place of incarceration
until suspect released, put into prison, etc.)
```
n. cárcel del condado
108
court (place where trials and legal proceedings
| occur)
n. tribunal, corte
