Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 10 > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gamete

A

There are two different gametes a male (sperm) and a female (egg) one each containing half of the genetic information which will be passed onto the offspring. They are the sex cells of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sperm

A

Sperm is the term for the male gamete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Egg

A

Egg is the term for the female gamete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fertilisation

A

The combination of a female and male gamete which then produce a new organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Zygote

A

As the male and female gametes come together it results in a zygote being created.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Sexual reproduction is the creation of a new individual. It involves two gametes (sperm and egg) coming together and passing down genetic information creating a new offspring. Each parent contributes 50% of their genetic information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

Asexual reproduction is the process in which a single parent organism forms a new offspring that is identical to itself this is by budding, cell division or splitting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell

A

Cells are the building blocks of all living organisms. Their main functions are to support the body’s structure and absorb nutrients from food so they can use this as energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains important genetic information. It contains the DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DNA

A

A complex molecule that holds genetic information and instructs amino acids to configure in a certain way to create proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Double Helix

A

Two chains in a rung that twist around each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Base

A

Smaller molecules which make up the rungs of a DNA strand. Four different bases ( A, T and G, C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Base Pairs

A

The combination of A-T and G-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gene

A

A gene is a section of a DNA molecule that provides instructions for building a specific protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nucleotide

A

The basic structural unit and building block for DNA. A nucleotide consists of 3 components nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chromosome

A

A chromosome is a bundle of all the genetic information that an organism possesses and is stored in the nucleus.

17
Q

Mitosis

A

One cell separating from the other to form a duplicate. They are genetically identical.
occurs when a cell divides into two identical daughter cells

18
Q

Meiosis

A

This process creates sex cells whereby two cycles of cell disvision will occur to produce four cells that genetically unique from the parents.
Forms gametes which only contain one set of chromosomes (23 in humans), a second cell division occurs which splits the number of chromosomes in half

19
Q

Haploid

A

A single set of chromosomes, for example, egg and sperm. Haploid organisms reproduce asexually.

20
Q

Diploid

A

A cell that has paired chromosomes and produces sexually.

21
Q

Chromosomal Abnormality

A

A chromosomal abnormality can occur through meiosis, it is when chromosomes don’t separate properly and appear on the same side making their not enough on the other side

22
Q

Phenotype

A

What trait is observed

23
Q

Genotype

A

What are the alleles

24
Q

Dominant

A

Dominant traits will always be expressed even if there is only one allele present. Use a capital letter

25
Q

Recessive

A

Recessive traits will only be expressed if all other alleles are recessive

26
Q

Allele

A

Different forms of a gene

27
Q

Homozygous

A

Both alleles are the same

28
Q

Heterozygous

A

Both alleles are different

29
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

Neither of the alleles are dominant are the new offspring phenotype is completely different from the parents

30
Q

Codominance

A

Both alleles are dominant and are expressed in the phenotype

31
Q

Sex-Linked Inheritance

A

Sex-linked inheritance is when the sex chromosomes contain a gene that can be In different ratios depending if they are male or female.

32
Q

Pedigree

A

A pedigree operates just like a family tree but represents the inheritance patterns in humans that will be passed down on to the future generations

33
Q

Mutation

A

Changes to the genetic code (base pairs) produce new forms of a gene(allele)

34
Q

Natural Selection

A

When the environmental conditions ‘selected for’ a particular trait meaning it is advantageous. Individuals with this trait will be more likely to survive and reproduce and so its genetic information will be more likely to be passed on to subsequent generations

35
Q

Evolution

A

Any change in the heritable traits within a population across generations

36
Q

Adaption

A

The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment.

37
Q

Species

A

Members of the same species can reproduce and their offspring are fertile. When enough adaptations have occurred such that the offspring are no longer fertile, speciation has occurred

Biology 10 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions