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Chemistry 10 > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

Atom

A

The smallest particle of matter which cannot be chemically broken down

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2
Q

Proton

A

Positive particles which are in the nucleus of the atom

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3
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral particles which are in the nucleus of the atom

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4
Q

Electron

A

Negative particles spin around the nucleus of an atom

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

The nucleus is made up of both protons and neutrons which determine the atomic mass

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6
Q

Element

A

Elements have the same number of protons. They are singular types of atoms and therefore cannot be simplified any further by using chemical reactions

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7
Q

Compound

A

A compound consists of two or more different types of atoms and are chemically bonded together

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8
Q

Molecule

A

A particle containing several atoms joined together in the same ratio

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9
Q

Atomic Mass

A

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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10
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in a nucleus

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11
Q

Isotope

A

An atom of the same elements but with a different number of neutrons in the nucleus

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12
Q

Periodic Table

A

A table of elements organised in order of element number and property

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13
Q

Metals

A

A metal is a substance that is identified by having both good electrical and thermal conductors, are corrosive when reacted with water and are malleable, ductile and lustre. (i.e sodium, aluminium, lithium and magnesium)

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14
Q

Non-Metals

A

Non-metals are completely opposite from metals; they have poor electrical and thermal conductors, are not malleable nor ductile and are often gases. (i.e hydrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine and argon)

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15
Q

Metalloids

A

A metalloid possesses both properties of metals and non-metals.

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16
Q

Ion

A

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons

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17
Q

Valence Electron

A

The number of electrons in the outer shell

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18
Q

Valency

A

Is a measure of its combining power with other atoms

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19
Q

Group

A

The elements in a column is known as a group they all share similar properties but not identical

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20
Q

Period

A

The elements in a row are known as a period; they all have the same number of electron shells but do not share the similar properties.

21
Q

Cation

A

A positively charged ion is known as a cation

22
Q

Anion

A

A negatively charged ion is known as a anion

23
Q

Ionic Compound

A

A negatively charged ion is known as a anion
An ionic compound can happen between metals and non metals. Metals form positive ions when they lose electrons and nonmetals form negative ions when they gain electrons.

24
Q

Polyatomic Ion

A

A polyatomic ion consists of more than one atom. usually covalently bonded to one another, and therefore stay together as a single, charged unit. (Eg, Nitrate Ion NO3-)

25
Q

Covalent Bond

A

A covalent bond is when nonmetals share their electrons to have a full outer shell

26
Q

Prefix

A

Prefixes are used in naming the compounds and helps us to identify how many of each element is present. These prefixes are mono, di, tri, tetra, prenta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona and deca.

27
Q

Diatomic Molecule

A

Elements that have 2 atoms of the same element bonded together to form a molecule

28
Q

Metallic Bond

A

A metallic bond occurs between metals only. They are similar to covalent bonds as they share with one another because they have unfilled shells.

29
Q

Lustre

A

Lustre means shiny

30
Q

Malleable

A

In regards to metals in means it can be pounded into thin sheets

31
Q

Ductile

A

In relation to metals it means it is able to be stretched out like a wire

32
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

A chemical reaction occurs when the bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed, creating a new arrangement of atoms and at least new

33
Q

Chemical equation

A

Chemical equations represent a chemical reaction. This involves reactants and products to be present.

34
Q

Reactants

A

The substances that react with each other are called reactants. In a chemical equation appear on the left side.

35
Q

Products

A

The new substances formed by a reaction are products. In a chemical equation products appear on the right side.

36
Q

Conductor

A

A conductor enables electricity to move about freely in different directions

37
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

A

The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.
Matter can be neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction

38
Q

Synthesis reaction

A

A synthesis reaction is the combination of multiple substances that form a new substance.
Note: There are more reactants than products

39
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

A decomposition reaction is the opposite of a synthesis reaction as it involves breaking a single substance into smaller compounds
Note: One reactant and several products

40
Q

Single Replacement

A

Single replacement reactions are when an element/group of elements are substituted/replaced by another element/group
Note: AB C=AC B

41
Q

Double Replacement

A

Double replacement reaction are when two elements/group are substituted/replace by another
Note: AB CD= CB AD

42
Q

Precipitation Reaction

A

Precipitate reaction can happen when ionic compounds are mixed forming an insoluble product

43
Q

Soluble

A

A substance that can be dissolved by a solvent

44
Q

Insoluble

A

A substance that can not be dissolved by a solvent

45
Q

Precipitate

A

A precipitate reaction is when a solid is formed in a chemical reaction that is different from both the reactants

46
Q

Reaction Rate

A

The rate of the reaction depends on the frequency of the collisions (temperature, concentration, surface area). It is the speed of the reaction.

47
Q

Effective Collision

A

An effective collision needs to involve a greater movement of reactant which in turn produces more energy and for a quicker collision

48
Q

Collision Theory

A

Collision theory is when the reacting particles must collide for a chemical reaction to take place

Chemistry 10 (1 decks)

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