Glossary 1-17

Question 1

Second World War

Answer 1

1. Second large-scale global war between 1939 and 1945
2. Fought between the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan [GIJ] ) & the Allied Powers (China, Britain, the US, France and the Soviet Union [CBUFS] )
3. Ended with the victory of the Allied Powers

Question 2

Capitalism

Answer 2

1. An economic system based on private property
2. People produce goods in order to obtain profits

Question 3

Socialism

Answer 3

1. Advocates the abolition of the private property system
2. All property should belong to the public
3. While all the people produce and share the fruits of production collectively

Question 4

Ideology

Answer 4

Refers to the systematic views and opinions of people in the aspects of
1. politics 2. law 3. morality 4. philosophy 5. art 6. religion (PLMPAR)

Question 5

Cold War

Answer 5

Refers to the confrontation between the capitalist bloc and the socialist bloc from the end of the Second World War to the dissolution of the Soviet Union

Question 6

EU

Answer 6

European Union
1. An important regional organisation in the world
2. Developed from the European Community
3. Established in 1993
4. Until 2020, had 27 member states
5. Headquartered in Brussels, Belgium
(ADEUH)

Question 7

BRICS

Answer 7

Refers to the five countries, including Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
1. Their economies have kept growing rapidly in recent years
2. Regarded as the leading emerging economies in the world

Question 8

NATO

Answer 8

North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1. In 1949,12 countries, including the US, Britain, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway and Portugal (FUBINCLBDINP) formed a military alliance - the NATO
2. Purpose was to confront the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact
3. Has 30 member states now

Question 9

GDP

Answer 9

Gross Domestic Product
GDP of a region refers to the total market value produced by the economic activities within its territory in a given period (usually a year)

Question 10

Terrorism

Answer 10

1. According to the United Nations, an action constitutes as terrorism if it is intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians.
2. In addition, the purpose of doing so is to intimidate a population or compel (force) a government or an international organisation to do or abstain from doing any act

Question 11

Unilateralism

Answer 11

Refers to an important country dominating and controlling international politics.
1. It acts alone and ignores the interests of other countries

Question 12

Kyoto Protocol

Answer 12

Refers to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1. A convention established by the UN in 1997
2. Goal: maintain the greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a given level
3. Helps prevent the greenhouse effect caused by dramatic climate change
4. Reduce its harm to the environment

Question 13

Iraq War

Answer 13

1. In March 2003, the US asserted that Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction and assisting terrorism activities
2. In spite of the opposition of the UN, the allied troops of the US and Britain invaded Iraq
3. resulted in the overthrow of the Iraqi regime within a month.

Question 14

SCO

Answer 14

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1. Established in 2001
2. The most populous and largest regional international organisation in the Eurasian continent
3. Until 2020, there is 8 members included China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India and Pakistan (KRCKTUIP)

Question 15

Foreign Exchange Reserves

Answer 15

1. The assets held by the governments to exchange for other country’s currencies at any time
2. Usually calculated in US dollars

Question 16

ASEAN

Answer 16

Association of Southeast Asian Nations
1. Established in 1967
2. An international organisation formed by Southeast Asian countries
3. Aim1: to promote economic development, social progress and cultural exchange in Southeast Asia
4. Aim2: maintain peace and stability in the region

Question 17

UN

Answer 17

United Nations
1. Established in October 1945
2. an inter-governmental international organisation composed of various sovereign states
3. China is a founding member of the UN & a permanent member of the UN Security Council