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ZERO TO FINALS > GLOMERULONEPHRITIS KEY FACTS > Flashcards

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS KEY FACTS Flashcards

1
Q

How are most types of glomerulonephritis cases treated?

A
  • Immunosuppresion e.g. with steroids
  • B.P control by blocking the renin-angiotensin system (i.e. ACEI or ARBs)
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2
Q

What are the criteria for nephrotic syndrome?

A
  • peripheral oedema
  • proteinuria (more than 3g per 24 hours urine)
  • serum albumin (less than 25g per litre)
  • hypercholesterolaemia
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3
Q

What symptoms do a patient with nephrotic syndrome typically present with?

A
  • oedema
  • may notice frothy urine (proteinuria)
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4
Q

What does nephrotic syndrome predispose a patient to?

A
  1. Thrombosis
  2. Hypertension
  3. High cholesterol
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5
Q

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids?

What is the most common aetiology of this diagnosis?

A

Minimal change disease

Usually idiopathic

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6
Q

What is minimal change disease treated with?

Is it usually successful?

A

Minimal change disease is usually successfully treated with steroids

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis?

A

IgA nephropathy (a.k.a. Berger’s disease)

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis?

At what age does it usually present?

A

IgA nephropathy

Peak age at presentation is in 20s

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10
Q

What is the likely diagnosis if histology shows:

‘IgA deposits and glomerular mesangial proliferation’

A

IgA nephropathy (a.k.a. Berger’s disease)

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11
Q

What is the most common type of glomerulonephritis overall?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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12
Q

What is the most common type of glomerulonephritis overall?

At what age does it usually present?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

There is a bimodal peak in age 20s and 60s

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13
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis if histology shows:

‘IgG and complement deposits on the basement membrane’

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

What is the most common type of glomerulonephritis overall?

What are the possible aetiologies?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

The majority (70%) are idiopathic

But they can be secondary to…

  • malignancy
  • rheumatoid disorders
  • drugs (NSAIDs)
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15
Q

A 27 year old patient presents with reduced urine output. On urine dipstick there is microscopic haematuria. A thorough history reveals he had tonsillitis 2 weeks ago.

Likely diagnosis?

A

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (a.k.a. diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis)

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16
Q

Describe the typical presentation of an individual with post streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Also state what else this disease is called.

A

a.k.a. diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

Patients are typically under 30 years old

It presents as:

  • 1-3 weeks after a streptococcal infection (strep pyogenes) e.g. tonsillitis or impetigo
  • they develop a nephritis syndrome
  • there is usually a full recovery
17
Q

A patient presents with AKI and haemoptysis.

What is your differential?

A

Goodpasture Syndrome

18
Q

Briefly discuss the pathophysiology of Goodpasture Syndrome

A

Anti-GBM (glomerular basement membrane) antibodies attack the glomerulus and pulmonary basement membranes

This causes

  1. Glomerulonephritis
  2. Pulmonary haemorrhage
19
Q

How might Goodpasture Syndrome present?

A

AKI

and

Haemoptysis

20
Q

What is a possible complication of Goodpasture Syndrome?

A

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

21
Q

What is the diagnosis if histology shows:

‘crescentic glomerulonephritis’

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

22
Q

Briefly discuss the presentation and Tx outcome of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

A

It presents with a very acute illness with sick patients but it responds well to treatment

23
Q

What histology results would you expect in a patient with IgA nephropathy?

A

IgA deposits and glomerular mesangial proliferation

24
Q

What histology results would you expect in membranous glomerulonephritis?

A

IgG and complement deposits on the basement membrane

25
Q

What histology results would you expect in someone with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

A

Crescentic glomerulonephritis

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