Glomerulonephritis Flashcards
1
Q
What is GN? Pathophysiology?
A
- inflammation of glomerulus and nephron
- damage to glomerulus, restrits blood flow, high BP
- damage to nephron, causes protein and blood to leak in urine
- reduce filtration capacity leads to AKI
2
Q
Symptoms of GN
A
- malignant BP
- haematuria / proteinuria
- AKI / CKD
3
Q
Types of GN and causes
A
- nephrotic syndrome
- nephritic syndrome
Causes primary or secondary ( infection, autoimmune, malignancy )
4
Q
Ix for GN
A
Bloods inc ASOT, C3C4, ANA, ANCA
Urine inc ACR
USKUB, CXR
RENAL BIOPSY
5
Q
Management
A
- control BP <130/80
- ace-i
6
Q
Clinical features of IgA nephropathy
Signs, sx Ix Renal biopsy Mx Poor prognosis
A
- haematuria in young male
- IgA, C3, renal biopsy
- renal biopsy IgA and C3 deposits at mesangial cells
- ACE-i, immunosuppressant
- high BP, proteinuria, AKI
7
Q
HSP
- what is it?
- signs?
- mx
A
- systemic presentation of IgA nephropathy
- purpuric rash on extensor surfaces, polyarthritis, abdo pain
- mx and ix same as IgA nephropathy
8
Q
Anti glomerular basement membrane disease (Good pasture’s disease)
- pathophysiology
- signs
- mx
A
- autoimmune against Type 4 collagen important for glomerular basement membrane and lungs
- haematuria, pulmonary haemorrhage
- plasma exchange, steroids, cytotoxics
9
Q
Post-strep GN
- cause
- signs
- ix
- mx
A
- 1-12 weeks after URTI or sore throat.
- haematuria
- serology; ASOT, high C3
- supportive
10
Q
Nephrotic syndrome triad
A
- proteinuria
- hypoalbumin
- oedema
11
Q
Causes
Primary
Secondary
A
Damage to podocyte
Primary ; minimal change GN, membranous nephropathy, FSGS, mesangiocapillary GN
Secondary; Diabetes, SLE, drugs , hep B/C
12
Q
Drugs that can cause nephrotic syndrome
A
- NSAIDs
- Gold
- anti TNF
- pennicilamine
13
Q
Common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
A
Minimal change GN
14
Q
Complication
A
- thromboembolism
- susceptibility to infction
- hyperlipidaemia
15
Q
Mx
A
- reduce oedema (furosemide)
- anticiagulate
- vaccination
- statins
- ACE i
