GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 1

WHAT IS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS?

Answer 1

• number of conditions that involves damage to the glomeruli. It’s often caused by your immune system attacking healthy body tissue.
• it is also a rare cause of AKI/ CKD and can progress to kidney disease

Question 2

WHAT IS NEPHROTIC SYNDROME?

Answer 2

• damage to the kidneys’ glomeruli, particularly podocyte damage

Question 3

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME?

Answer 3

1) minimal change disease - most common form of GN in children
2) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - idiopathic or secondary to infection, malignancy
3) membranous nephropathy - idiopathic or secondary to infection, malignancy or drugs

Question 4

WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME?

Answer 4

1) progression to CKD
2) increase risk of infection
3) hypertension
4) venous thromboembolism

Question 5

WHAT IS NEPHRITIC SYNDROME?

Answer 5

• inflammation of the kidneys particularly glomerulus

Question 6

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF NEPHRITIC SYNDROME?

Answer 6

1) IgA nephropathy
2) ANCA associated vasculitis
3) Goodpasture syndrome (Anti-GBM disease)
4) Alport syndrome

Question 7

WHAT IS THE MANAGEMENT FOR NEPHROTIC SYNDROME?

Answer 7

1) reduce oedema - fluid and salt restriction, diuresis with loop diuretic (furosemide)
2) treat underlying cause - corticosteroids for minimal change disease, plasmapheresis for anti-GBM
3) reduce proteinuria - ACEI/ARB - reduce intraglomerular pressure by inhibiting angiotensin II ̶ mediated efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction.
4) MDT referral

Question 8

WHAT IS TRIAD OF CLINICAL FEATUERS FOR NEPHROTIC SYNDROME?

Answer 8

1) oedema
2) hypoalbuminemia
3) proteinuria

Question 9

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL FEATURES OF NEPHRITIC SYNDROME?

Answer 9

1) haematuria
2) hypertension
3) oedema
4) oliguria
5) azotaemia
6) minimal proteinuria

Question 10

WHAT IS ALPROT SYNDROME?

Answer 10

• mutation in type IV collagen

- X linked