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BMSC2225 Absorption and Excretion - Renal Physiology > Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the healthy rate of glomerular filtration?

A

125mL per min

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2
Q

What is the glomerular filter made up of?

A

Fenestrated endothelium
Podocyte foot processes
Connective tissue layer

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3
Q

What constructs the podocyte foot processes?

A 
Nephrin
Podocin
Zonula occludens 1
Cadherins
Cytoskeletal proteins
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4
Q

What connective tissues are located in the glomerular filter?

A

Collagen IV

Laminin

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5
Q

What affects the likelihood of a substance being freely filtered

A

Size and charge

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6
Q

Up to what size are molecules freely filtered regardless of charge?

A

17kDa

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7
Q

What may cause leaky filtration?

A

Defective proteins in the filter

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8
Q

What are the driving forces of filtration?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Bowman’s oncotic pressure

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9
Q

What are the opposing forces of filtration?

A

Capillary oncotic pressure

Bowman’s hydrostatic pressure

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10
Q

In which capillaries is filtration favoured?

A

Glomerular capillaries

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11
Q

In which capillaries is absorption favoured/

A

Peritubular capillaries

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12
Q

What is the effect of afferent arteriolar constriction on GFR?

A

Renal blood flow is decreased so GFR is decreased

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13
Q

What is the effect of efferent arteriolar constriction on GFR?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure increases so GFR is increased

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14
Q

What is the effect of afferent arteriolar dilation on GFR?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure increases so GFR is increased

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15
Q

What is the effect of efferent arteriolar dilation on GFR?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases so GFR is decreased

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16
Q

What is the effect of angiotensin II on GFR?

A

Causes vasoconstriction of both arterioles, but affects efferent more. This reduced renal blood flow and decreases GFR

17
Q

Describe the myogenic response

A

The arterial smooth muscle is stretched, causing contraction and increasing resistance
Both arterioles are constricted by the afferent will constrict more, reducing GFR

18
Q

Describe tubuloglomerular feedback

A

The nephron monitors GFR using the macula densa cells
If fluid in the DCT is increased, increase chloride transport from DCT to macula densa occurs
Chloride stimulates ATP and ADP release from macula densa cells
ATP and ADP cause calcium influx into juxtaglomerular cells
Juxtaglomerular cells contract causing afferent constriction, decreasing GFR

19
Q

Describe neural feedback on GFR

A

The juxtaglomerular cells and afferent arteriolar muscle cells receive direct sympathetic innervation which causes vasoconstriction to decrease GFR

BMSC2225 Absorption and Excretion - Renal Physiology (8 decks)

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