Glodme 1.1 test

Question 1

Agriculture

Answer 1

practice of farming; economically dependent in feudal society

Question 2

Industry (as basis for)

Answer 2

concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufactured goods in factories; economically dependent in market economy

Question 3

Means of production

Answer 3

raw materials and means of labor employed in production; facilites and resources for producing goods

Question 4

Feudalism

Answer 4

a loose system of alliances in which armed landowners seek security through threats and pledges of loyalty; pre industrial society; land was valued; very separate social classes

Question 5

Peasant/Peasantry

Answer 5

Exchanges work for security and order; lowest social class in the feudal society; worked Noble’s land but did not own any of their own

Question 6

Middle class

Answer 6

in between nobility and peasantry; desire private capital; merchants and artisans (not farmers, not fighters, but everyone else)

Question 7

Noble/Nobility

Answer 7

owns and protects land; land was very valued so they secured their land through arranged marriages and protected with weaponry; own land that they don’t work

Question 8

Monarchy

Answer 8

government ruled by one person who is thought to have divine right; single, inherited noble position

Question 9

Ruler/Subject relationship

Answer 9

ruler rules people; people below him are subjects; must obey the ruler

Question 10

Citizen relationship

Answer 10

the state of being vested with rights, privileges and duties of a citizen and being able to cooperate with other citizens

Question 11

Mechanization

Answer 11

employ a machine or animal to help with production; industrialized; less of a dependence on human labor

Question 12

Market

Answer 12

place of open exchange in context of competition to create incentive; a place or system in which individual buyers and sellers are free to choose and compete with each other for the best deal; an exchange in the context of competition

Question 13

Industry/industrialization

Answer 13

Transformation from feudalism to a system that values capital and money; faster means of production with greater surplus; divisions of labor; exchanges work for wage

Question 14

Urbanization

Answer 14

process of urbanizing/moving to cities; increased population of cities because more jobs are available there; population growth

Question 15

Capital

Answer 15

wealth in the form of money; value employed in the economy; new means of production in industry

Question 16

Labor

Answer 16

physical work

Question 17

Commodification

Answer 17

transfer of goods and services into a commodity/something purchasable; Marx argues that the bourgeoisie commodify everything

Question 18

Liberalism

Answer 18

society must protect individual rights; emerged from industrial society; main role of government is the protection of individual rights; philosophy founded on equality and liberty

Question 19

Liberal democracy

Answer 19

representative democracy with dedication to protecting individual rights; purpose to negotiate conflicting ideas of power; people rule

Question 20

Nationalism

Answer 20

group of people who believe the same things and exercise them in the same way (identify as a common group); feelings of patriotism

Question 21

Ethnic nationalism

Answer 21

common identity based on race, religion, language, etc; often based on ancestry

Question 22

Civic nationalism

Answer 22

people of a country are unified by shared citizenship and laws (not race, religion, language, etc); often based on an agreement/set of policies; regions united by citizenship; believed in assimilating to dominant culture

Question 23

Modern

Answer 23

early 20th century movement; rethinking of all things as objective and scientifically; explains changes in art, politics, gender roles, etc objectively and naturally; rejects tradition; associated with the rise of industry

Question 24

modern

Answer 24

contemporary, now; changes frequently

Question 25

Charles Darwin

Answer 25

challenged the traditional thinking of what he saw in nature; developed theories of evolution; objective thinking of the differences between species; distinctly Modern

Question 26

Adam Smith

Answer 26

Capitalistic; belief in the division of labor, saw it has transformative; belief that private ownership of capital leads to innovation, productivity and overall prosper/enrichment of a nation; must product individual property and products to create incentive to improve production; theory of Invisible Hand;

Question 27

Capitalism

Answer 27

economic philosophy; argues that individual incentive is needed for a society to grow, prosper and innovate; suggests that people put self-interest/need for income first

Question 28

Division of labor

Answer 28

divide up steps required to make a product; able to make it more quickly and of better quality because each person is specialized; improve efficiency by assigning different parts of manufacturing process to different people

Question 29

Labor Theory of Value

Answer 29

the worth of a product or services is equivalent to the amount of human work that went into making it; a lot of human labor = expensive product, less labor = inexpensive; work is relative to labor not money

Question 30

“The Invisible Hand”

Answer 30

concept by Adam Smith; everyone benefits; incentivized by capital not charity so competition is essential; working for individual benefits but mutual dependence leads to widespread benefits

Question 31

Hegelian Dialectic

Answer 31

evolutionary historical model; certain ideas become dominant and cause the creation of opposing ideas; evolution of conflicting tasks working towards some ideal form

Question 32

Zeitgeist

Answer 32

the spirit of time

Question 33

Thesis

Answer 33

statement or theory put forth as a premise to be proven/maintained; Hegelian Dialectic established theses about culture scientifically

Question 34

Antithesis

Answer 34

opposite of the thesis; thesis and antithesis cannot coexist

Question 35

Synthesis

Answer 35

new resolution formed as a result of the conflicting thesis and antithesis

Question 36

Karl Marx/Marxism

Answer 36

argued that private ownership of capital leads to exploitation of labor; wrote Communist Manifesto; explained the bourgeoisie and how it will cause the rise of the proletariat class, leading to communism; strongly deterministic (suggested individuals don’t really matter and change is inevitable/dependent on economy or geography)

Question 37

Dialectical Materialism

Answer 37

philosophy of science and nature to define evolution; based on the writings of Karl Marx

Question 38

Bourgeois

Answer 38

reliant on capital; exploit or destroy competing groups and only adopt the traditions that help them in competition; support the working proletariat class; drives the building of overseas trade empires; capital owning class, control means of production and government

Question 39

Proletariat

Answer 39

working class in industrial society; exchanges its work for wages; established as a result of the bourgeoisie

Question 40

Class consciousness

Answer 40

proletariat began to recognize that they were not treated properly or as an “individual” so came together and started a revolution against the bourgeoisie → communism; awareness of one’s place in a system of social classes

Question 41

Communism

Answer 41

Abolish private property; no difference between social classes; not dependent on capital; no private capital: individuals own individual means of production; anarchy; deterministic

Question 42

Imperialism

Answer 42

a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy and military force

Question 43

Imperial Narrative

Answer 43

a part of the evolution of the epic genre and its ways of imagining community

Question 44

Eurocentrism

Answer 44

belief that Europe is ahead of the rest of the world (industrialized); dominant; enlightened, benevolent, trade hub, prosperous, superior; absolute progress for everyone; trade/economic wealth; patriarchal; concepts reinforced by industry and Christianity

Question 45

Cultural Relativism

Answer 45

sweep of culture was to great to establish a relationship between culture and race

Question 46

“The White Man’s Burden”

Answer 46

poem by Rudy and Kipling (1899); at face value it appeals to the rhetorical command to white men to colonize and rule other nations; emblematic of Eurocentric racism and Western aspirations to dominate