Globalisation unknown question answers Flashcards
explain the ways in which transport and communications technology create a ‘shrinking world’
aeroplanes
- travel more quickly
- low cost airlines
trains
- high speed railways
- Eurostar
telephones
internet
what are newly industrialised countries (NICs)
- past LICs
- become richer
- increased trade + GDP
- e.g. BRICs
why has global shift of industry had negative effects on some people in the developed world
- high unemployment
- cheaper labour in other less developed countries
- reduced local incomes
- lead to a spiral of decline of local shops + industries
using examples, explain strategies that TNCs use to expand their local businesses
- glocalisation marketing success
- e.g. McDonalds change menu based on religion/country
- EU/NAFTA trade blocs
- makes trading/investing easier
how do physical factors contribute to growth of ‘switched on’ and ‘switched off’ places
- coastlines provide trade access + ports
- trading resources (e.g. oil)
- climatic hazards can limit trade by creating poverty and hunger through destruction of homes and jobs
why do TNCs adapt their products for different markets
- profitability
- culture
- religion
- affluence
- GLOCALISATION
explain how transport developments contribute to globalisation
- container shipping
- aeroplanes reduce travel time
- increased sized planes mean greater goods for less travel cost
- more tourism
- high speed rail networks e.g. Eurostar
how do flows of information create global networks
- migrants stay in touch with family
- internet means online shopping and calls made
- holiday information increases tourism
- global exchange of knowledge helps ‘special interest’ groups
why do countries join trade blocs like EU and NAFTA
- cheaper prices for produces and consumers
- encourages investment (FDI)
- relaxation of import/export tariffs
- e.g. attraction of joining euro currency promotes FDI
how do political factors help and hinder growth of global connections
- trade blocs e.g. EU and NAFTA
- established patterns of aid flow
- ‘rouge’ states cut themselves off e.g. North Korea
- war reduces connectivity
why do TNCs source what they need from a wide range of places
- cheaper labour costs
- cheaper land costs
- climatic barrier production in own country eliminated
- range of suppliers minimises disruption cost
why have NICs (e.g. China) become important centres for manufacturing and investment
- low costs of labour
- other workforce qualities (e.g. English spoken in China)
- physical resources
- relaxed environmental laws
why do TNCs sometimes alter their products for sale in different countries and cultures
- glocalisation
- tastes differ from place to place
- religious/cultural objections (e.g. pork/beef)
- climatic variability affects availability of food produce
how can connectivity be affected by political and physical factors
physical
- inaccessibility (remoteness, poorness)
- natural resources (e.g. oil)
political
- some states cut themselves off (e.g. North Korea)
- decision of national governments to join trade blocs
how has globalisation led to the exploitation of workers in some countries
- TNCs avoid health/social laws and costs
- governments repress protestors to appeal to TNCs
- e.g. Apple exploits workers in China by subjecting them to toxic fumes in factories
- lax environmental laws mean working conditions are not suitable
