Globalisation Essay

Question 1

Essay Question

Answer 1

What is useful about studying globalisation and how can indigenous groups use methods of globalisation to air their discontent and empower themselves against the state

Question 2

Essay Plan

Answer 2

Introduction; Globalisation; Anti-Globalisation; State empowering indigenous; Indigenous fighting back without global; Globalisation as an advantage; More global resistance through globalisation; Balanced power; Conclusion

Question 3

Introduction

Answer 3

Look at globalisation and how it is studied
Positives and Negatives
How it can be used
Conclude

Question 4

Globalisation

Answer 4

Often seen as Westernisation, but really circulation of goods, not just west to the rest
Concern on whether markets deregulation produce wealth at the cost of inequality
New social forms ‘grassroots’ should be put against globalisation, (from above and below)
Above: Corporations, Major multilateral agencies, national governments
Below: non-governmental organisations, regional groups (poor vulnerable, dispossessed) (Appadurai, 2001)
Problems with not considering both lead to further inequality, threaten tradition, replace social life (don’t exotisise)

Question 5

Anti-Globalisation

Answer 5

Globalisation viewed as a organic creature, feelings of discontent aired across technologies of globalisation
Globalisation has lead to abundance of information, and imagination of others sharing beliefs
Anti-globalisation are being globalised, and resistance in response to dissatisfaction, (Theodossopoulos, 2009)

Question 6

State empowering indigenous

Answer 6

North American Indians, Amazonian forests, indigenous people victim to genocide, land theft, ecological destruction, removal and other
Tribal societies occupy much less land, threatened with pollution, dams, deforestation, hunting, tourism.
When they are integrated jobs are usually lowest paying, not a big say in votes

Question 7

Indigenous fighting back without global

Answer 7

Resistance (opposition to power) is not necessarily organised, can be everyday (James Scott)
Radical forms have unintended consequences from state reactions, (Gledhill, 1994)
Failure in ethnography, not holism, (Ortner, 1995)
Internal conflictions of small resistance, dangerous as crisis of representation
Zapatistas started armed protest, took radio tower, continued peaceful protest for neglect, school right, women, land

Question 8

Globalisation as an advantage

Answer 8

Austronesian societies used google earth to validate land rights, and internet to advertise artefacts
Kuna also sold stuff, (Tice, 1995)
Embera altered political system to represent themselves (Kane, 1986)
Arawete had no leader, but got given one (Vivieros de Castro, 1992)
Representatives not always fair, example: Ipila in Papua New Guinea, (Jacka, 2005)

Question 9

More global resistance through globalisation

Answer 9

Kayapo threatened deforestation highway, learnt to video record, recruited allies (UN, world bank, human rights, environmental, coordinated with other tribes, got compensation (Terence Turner)
Factors needed: understanding of politics, media, organisational help, funding, modern technology.
Miskitos got this however conditions not improved
Jobs in Papua New Guinea replaced brideprice, relatives asking for money,(Lewellen, 2002)
Doesn’t always integrate in a beneficial way

Question 10

Balanced power

Answer 10

Most parts of the world remain insecure

Build new societies (Stavenhagen, 2002)

Question 11

Conclusion

Answer 11

Difficult to balance, important for anthropology, more important not to get it wrong