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Geography > Globalisation EQ1 > Flashcards

Globalisation EQ1 Flashcards

The acceleration of globalisation

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1
Q

Globalisation

A

The process by which people, their cultures, money, goods and information can be transferred between counties with few or no barriers.

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2
Q

Factors affecting globalisation

A
  • ICT / Technology
  • Transport
  • Relations between countries
  • Trade
  • Wealth of countries
  • TNCs
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3
Q

Examples of economic globalisation

A
  • Growth of TNCs
  • ICT
  • Online purchasing
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4
Q

Examples of social globalisation

A
  • International migration
  • Global improvements in education and health
  • Social interconnectivity
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5
Q

Examples of political globlisation

A
  • Growth of trade blocs
  • Global concerns such as free trade and economic recessions
  • World bank, IMF, WTO
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6
Q

Examples of cultural globalistion

A
  • Westernisation
  • Glocalisation and hybridisation
  • Circulation of ideas and info
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7
Q

Transnational Coorperations

A

Businesses whose operations are spread across the world

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8
Q

Interdependency

A

2 places becoming over-reliant on financial and/or political connections with one another

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9
Q

Time-Space Compression

A

The set of processes that cause the relative distances between places to contract, effectively making such places grow ‘closer’

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10
Q

Telephone and the Telegraph

A

Communication across distances

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11
Q

Broadband and Fibre Optics

A

Large amounts of data can be transferred. Owned by national governments or TNCs

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12
Q

GPS

A

Broadcast position and time data to users throughout the world. Deliveries can be tracked by companies helping the growth of global production networks to be managed

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13
Q

Internet, Social Networks, Skype

A

Connects people and places

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14
Q

How does development in ICT impact economic globalisation?

A

Allows working from home, expanding TNCs into new territories
E.g. Every food purchased in M&S increases the size of the next order from countries like Kenya

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15
Q

How does development in ICT impact social globalisation?

A

Maintains long-distance social relationships (supports migration)
E.g. Skype is used by migrants to connect with family they left behind

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16
Q

How does development in ICT impact cultural globalisation?

A

Cultural traits such as language or music are adopted faster - becoming increasingly Westernised
E.g. TikTok is now used by 150 countries

17
Q

How does development in ICT impact political globalisation?

A

Social networks can raise awareness about political issues and to fight for change on a global scale
E.g. ISIS uses social networking to spread the message of terrorism globally

18
Q

What is M-Pesa?

A

The largest mobile network company operating in Kenya.
Allows credit to be directly transferred between phone users. Women in rural areas can secure microloans. Farmers can check market prices before selling produce.
One of the largest factors leading to the increase in mobile phone uptake in LICs.
African countries now have been 75-93% mobile phone ownership.

19
Q

Tariffs

A

A tax placed on goods that are imported from other countries

20
Q

Quotas

A

A limit placed on the number of goods that are imported from other countries

21
Q

Embargo

A

A ban placed on certain goods imported from other countries

22
Q

Subsidies

A

A sum of money granted by the gov. to help an industry or business keep the price of goods low

23
Q

LDCs

A

Least Developed Countries

  • Around 50 countries
  • Very low incomes
  • Poor health
  • Low education
  • Heavily in debt to richer countries
  • Gov. corruption
  • Majority in Africa

Examples: Haiti, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Gambia

24
Q

LEDCs

A

Least Economically developed Countries

  • Increasing GDP and calorie intakes per day

Examples: Egypt, Namibia

25
Q

NICs

A

Newly Industrialised Countries

  • Rapidly growing economies
  • Move from a mostly agricultural economy to one involving manufacturing and exporting

Examples: Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan

26
Q

MEDCs

A

More Economically developed Countries

  • High calorie intakes and GDP
  • Low birth and death rates

Examples: USA, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, European countries

27
Q

OEDC

A

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

  • 34 richest and powerful countries
  • Aim to provide solutions to economic, environmental and social issues
  • Members are always changing

Examples: USA, Sweden, Australia

28
Q

G8

A
  • Top 8 countries of OEDC
  • World’s most powerful and wealthy

Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, USA, UK (and Russia)

29
Q

G8 + 5

A
  • Attempt to create deeper international cooperation and an understanding of climate change and international trade

G8 + China, India, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa

30
Q

G20

A
  • 23 members all from developing world
  • Formed in 2004
  • Focuses on agricultural trade

Examples: Argentina, China, France, Brazil

31
Q

BRICS

A
  • All newly emerging countries
  • Middle income countries becoming high income countries

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

32
Q

Positives of Trade Blocs

A
  • Human Rights Agreements
  • Free migration
  • Protection
  • Cheaper trade (money kept within trade blocs)
  • Economies of scale
  • Comparative advantage (free access to each others markets)
33
Q

Negatives of Trade Blocs

A

Interdependence - distribution of trade in one country may cause severe consequences for the economies of participating countries

34
Q

Protectionism

A

Involves any attempt by a country to impose restrictions on trade in goods and services

Geography (1 decks)

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