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Human Geography > Globalisation Enquiry Question 1 > Flashcards

Globalisation Enquiry Question 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is globalization?

A

Increasing connectedness of countries around the world through movement of goods, services, capital and ideas across borders

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2
Q

What is chinas open door policy

A

1978-radical economic and political reform

Four SEZ established

TNC outsourced jobs

FDI helped china grow rapidly

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3
Q

What are the 4 aspects of globalization

A

ECONOMIC
Online purchasing
TNC
FDI
Stocks

POLITICAL
Trade blocs
IGOs
political views expressed in media

CULTURAL
westernization

SOCIAL
growth of migration
International tourism

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4
Q

What are the flows of globalization

A

Commodities-raw mats + manufactured goods

Capital-stocks + shares- goods and services- FDI- online banking- migrants often send money home

Information- internet, email, social networking

Tourists- increase in tech

Migrants- economic opportunity- refugee- seasonal workers

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5
Q

What are the development in transport that have created a shrinking world

A

Steam railways- across continent

Steam ships-overseas

Jet aircraft-overseas faster + places without coastline

Containerization- large volumes

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6
Q

What are the developments in ict that have contributed to globalization

A

Telegraph

Phones

Internet

Social media

Electronic banking

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7
Q

What are the three IGOs and what do they do

A

IMF

promotes financial corporations and trade between countries- provides loans to member countries in exchange for lifting trade restrictions

WTO

sets reuses on how countries trade to increase trade

WORLD BANK

Members pay subscription to bank, loan money to less developed countries

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8
Q

What do the three IGOs advocate and oppose

A

Advocate free trade, oppose protectionism

Encourage countries to join or form trade blocs so no taxes or tarrifs
Encourage national governments accept FDI

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9
Q

What has globalization led to

A

Lengthening of connections
Deepening of connections
Faster speed of connections

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10
Q

How is the work of IGOs controversial

A

Hold too much power, act in ways that are unfair to some countries

Strict rules and conditions to receive a loan e.g structural adjustment program- difficult for developing countries to follow

Governance found in developed countries- developed countries can cast more votes- some decisions may serve needs of richer nations

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11
Q

How is the work of IGOs controversial

A

Hold too much power, act in ways that are unfair to some countries

Strict rules and conditions to receive a loan e.g structural adjustment program- difficult for developing countries to follow

Governance found in developed countries- developed countries can cast more votes- some decisions may serve needs of richer nations

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12
Q

Role of national governments in globalization

A

Free market liberalization - remove restrictions on trade

Privatization

Encourage business startups

Decide wether country will be part of trade bloc

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13
Q

What are the advantages of trade blocs

A

Member states receive goods at a cheaper price

Trade barriers with non member states so certain industries within trade bloc are protected

Political security

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14
Q

EU blurt

A

Free trade

Own currency

Own parliament with laws

Schengen Agreement allows migration

Common external tarrifs

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15
Q

ASEAN blurt

A

Free trade - encouraged manufacturing + banking

No nuclear weapons- political stability

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16
Q

What are SEZs

A

Special economic zones

Areas of land where special economic rules apply e,g low tax rates

Infrastructure networks to encourage TNC

Offer subsidies

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17
Q

How does the AT Kearney index measure globalization

A

Business activity

Political engagement

Cultural experience

Info flow (internet)

Global connections through people (foreign born)

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18
Q

How does the KOF index measure globalization

A

Economic, social and political globalization

19
Q

How are some countries switched off from globalization

A

Physical geography- physical isolation

Political decisions- political agenda, terrorism, corruption

Economic development- poverty

Environmental resilience- highly vulnerable to climate change, may limit growth of crops

20
Q

How do TNCs affect globalization

A

Develop and control supply chains that extend across countries- movement of raw mats

FDI in countries with potential economic advantage e,g cheap Labour

Glocalization

Offshoring - moves branches to toner location

Outsourcing - moves parts of operations to local companies overseas

21
Q

what is the global shift

A

where the majority of industrial activity has shifted from one parti of the world to another

22
Q

how has the global shift come about

A

due to

global shift in manufacturing- NICs, cheap labour

outsourcing services- it support and customer services distributed globally, due to improvements in telephone and IT

23
Q

china global shift case study

A

FDI investments led to more jobs and safer working conditions

24
Q

india outsourcing case study

A

second largest English speaking population

growing number of graduates

25
Q

benefits that have been created by the global shift

A

infrastructure investment - e.g-transport and energy, Shenzhen port has increased, new power stations

education, training, healthcare- national revenue led to investment in healthcare and school, higher literacy rate

waged work and poverty reduction - rise in wealth of its citizens.

26
Q

social and environmental problems in developing countries

A

land degradation

loss of biodiversity

urbanisation

over exploitation of resources

pollution

urbanisation

27
Q

problems in developed countries

A

depopulation

unemployment

dereliction and contamination

crime

28
Q

push factors from rural areas

A

opportunities

working conditions

land grabbing by tnc

climate

conflict

29
Q

how does the occurrence of bright lights syndrome increase and what is it

A

bright lights syndrome is when people perceive urban areas as a better lifestyle and full of opportunity

increases by IT communications and information sharing

30
Q

what are the environmental and social challenges to increased urbanisation

A

informal illegal housing

struggle to provide essential public services, not enough medical services

sanitation quality may decrease

congestion and pollution

informal employment

31
Q

what are global hubs, example and how migration affects them

A

cities that are highly connected globally and a focal point for global activities.

London

russian oligarchs bought properties and invest and businesses, led to price inflation, so sanctions are placed

32
Q

benefits and costs of migrant workers working, in host and source countries

A

benefits for host

jobs local people nit doing can be done

spend locally, adding to economy

change identity of place and open new experiences

costs for host

language barriers

social tensions

add pressure to build more healthcare, may use greenbelt

benefits for source

remittance payments

may return home with new skills

costs for host

brain drain

reduced need to universities

population imbalance

33
Q

what is culture and what is it made up of

A

culture is the shared customs of a group

traditions, clothes, languages, music, values

34
Q

how can culture change

A

force (military), coercion (school), free will

35
Q

what is cultural diffusion and its players

A

ways which culture spread around the world.

TNC

media corporations

tourism

migrants

36
Q

negative impacts global cultures can have

A

global TNC’s ,ay lead to pollution if production method is poor.

Asia changing diet

37
Q

positive impacts on global cultures

A

Western culture provides marginalised people to take a prominent role

disability discrimination law

Paralympic Games

38
Q

what is cultural erosion and examples

A

loss or weakening of key parts of specific culture

language

clothes

music

food

colonialism for papa new guinea tribes, sex seggrated housing

39
Q

how has global western culture changed and built natural environments

A

traditional architectural styles lost

build facilities to cater to western tastes to attract tourists

exploration of natural resources

40
Q

how do you measure economic, social, environmental development

A

gdp

human development index, national happiness

air quality

41
Q

what policies increase the spread of global mixing

A

open borders

deregulation

42
Q

what are the social, political and environmental tensions globalisation has created

A

pressure on housing stock

increased competition for jobs

harassment

climate change

e.g - transboundary water conflict \

43
Q

ways to control spread of globalisation

A

trade protectionism

resource nationalism

censorship - china

limiting migration - Japan

44
Q
A

Human Geography (1 decks)

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