Globalisation and Green Crime

Question 1

South

Answer 1

Primary and Secondary Green crime.
Primary= harm inflicted on the environment
Secondary= e is crime that grows out of the flouting of rules that seek to regulate environmental disasters. For example, governments often break their own rules and cause harm.

Question 2

4 types of primary green crime

Answer 2

air pollution- twice as many people die from air-pollution induced breathing difficulties as 20 years ago.
deforestation – Between 1960 and 1990, 5th world’s rainforests were destroyed, an area the size of two football pitches is destroyed every minute
species decline and animal rights – 50 Species a day are becoming extinct
water pollution – 25 million people die each year from drinking contaminated water

Question 3

2 types of secondary green crime

Answer 3

State violence against oppositional groups - such as when the French government bombed the Greenpeace ship ‘Rainbow Warrior’ to prevent its anti-nuclear campaigning activities
Hazardous waste and organised crime - such as when Mafia-esque organised crime outfits help corporations side-step strict laws about pollution and disposal of hazardous waste by accepting money to take such waste away – no questions asked

Question 4

How does Trad crim say is the definition of green crime

Answer 4

Eammons (2000) environmental crime is, ‘an act or omission which violates the law’
should be defined in a narrow sense – any activity which breaches a law which protects the environment. Situ and

Question 5

Eval for trad crim view of green crime

Answer 5

Advantage: Clearly defined subject matter.

Disadvantage: Accepts definitions of environmental problems and crimes which have been shaped by powerful businesses to serve their own interests

Question 6

White

Answer 6

causes physical harm to the environment and/or the human and non-human inhabitants, even if no law is broken.

2 types =
Anthropocentric Harm- Considers harm to the environment from the perspective of humanity
Ecocentric Harm: Does not distinguish between humans and the rest of the ecosystem

Question 7

Eval for this
define green crime as harm causing

Answer 7

Strengths-
It is more interested in the question of why some harmful acts (pollution) are not labelled as criminal.
overcomes the issues Marxist- that is the ability of the capitalist class
By moving to a zemiological definition, green criminology can develop a global perspective on environmental harm.
Weaknesses-
By focusing simply on “harm” the activity that could come under criminologists’ investigations is almost infinite

Question 8

Beck

Answer 8

‘the risk society’, whereby modern industrial societies create many new risks – largely manufactured through modern technologies – that were unknown in earlier days. ‘Smog is democratic’

Question 9

Eco racism

Answer 9

which minority group neighbourhoods (populated primarily by POC and members of low SC) are burdened with a more number of hazards eg: toxic waste, garbage dumps, other enviro pol, decrease quality of life. Globally, members of minority groups= greater burden of the health problems from higher exposure to pollution. This happens due to unsafe or unhealthy work conditions where no regulations exist or aren’t enforced

Question 10

Ian Taylor

Answer 10

Free reign to Market Forces - greater inequality and rising crime rates. Poverty Stricken and Social elite

Question 11

Eval for Taylor

Answer 11

:) useful in linking global trends in the capitalist economy to changes in the patterns of crime.

:( doesn’t explain in enough depth why these changes make people behave in criminal ways.

Question 12

Rothe and Friedshichs

Answer 12

crimes of globalisation

Question 13

Globalisation impacted Organised Crime

Answer 13

Profit orientated, high longevity, organised so as to facilitate criminal activities, violence at every level, engage in corruption.

Question 14

Hobbs and Dunningham

Answer 14

24/7 banking