Globalisation And Fundamentalism

Question 1

Giddens

Answer 1

Fundamentalism is a reaction to globalisation, rejecting changes to social norms such as relationships before marriage. Some religions accept modernity/globalisation, making them cosmopolitan

Question 2

Castells

Answer 2

Fundamentalism is a reaction to the uncertainty of a postmodern society. There is a higher chance of risk/choice. Religion provides security. There are two responses to this:

• Resistant identity - defensive / fundamentalist
• Project identity -embracing of change

Question 3

Bruce

Answer 3

• Fundamentalism is a product of monotheistic religions as the faith relies on a single authoritarian text
• Cultural defences is a role played by religion. It unites communities against a external threat. It can give a collective identity and strength to people facing political domination (e.g. Poland 1945-1989). The Catholic Church supplied a national identity in a communist regime

Question 4

Davie

Answer 4

Fundamentalism can occur in both religious and non-religious society.In Modern society (since industrialisation) science has replaced religion for answers. In post-modern times, science has been questioned itself. Crises mean that neither science nor religion have the answer. Fundamentalism can result from any kind of uncertainty, finding truth and certainty becomes even more attractive, people turn to ways to feel more secure. Both religion and science are affected by uncertainty

Question 5

Huntington

Answer 5

• Clash of Civilisations
• Globalisation leads to the worlds religions being in a clash e.g. the West and Islam. Conflict is a result of these e.g. 9/11
• critique = there are clashes within religious groups not just outside of them

Question 6

Nanda

Answer 6

India has become an important player in a global stage. It is mainly Hindu and has rising prosperity. The Hindu faith is polytheistic and supports progress - cosmopolitan. Despite modernisation, India is not secularised. Hinduism usually renounces materialism but in modern times accepts family prosperity as hard work and spiritually based - a collective identity that embraces wealth and frugality. This is an example of a religion embracing modernisation

Question 7

Redding

Answer 7

South Korea and Taiwan are examples of successful industrialisation. Redding says this success comes from ‘Spirit of Capitalism’. Entrepreneurs follows the values of belief systems which admire hardwork, self discipline, frugality and education. This study combines capitalism with belief systems
- Challenges Marxism

Question 8

What are the 7 features of fundamentalism

Answer 8

1- Authoritarian sacred text
2- Intolerance
3- Us and Them
4-Agression
5- Technology
6- Patriarchy
7- Conspiracy