Globalisation And Crime Flashcards
What is green criminology concerned with?
Radical Marxist Approach
Zemiology
Some of the worst environmental harm is not illegal
Transgressive criminology
Legal definitions don’t provide a consistent standard of harm
Who came up with the Global criminal economy?
Manuel Castell
What is the global criminal economy?
Due to globalisation we now live in a global criminal economy which is worth over 1 trillion per annum
Some of these actions include: trafficking of children and women, trafficking of body parts, cybercrimes and smuggling of illegal goods
The scale of transnational org sided crime is due to the demand in products and services in the west and the supply side that provides the source of drugs, sex, workers and other forms of services/ food which is demanded in the west.
What is an example of the global criminal economy at its best?
The upper class can afford to buy kidneys from other countries illegally (trafficking of body parts) due to greed and wanting things straight away, whereas those who are poor have to sell themselves just to buy goods like iPads
What are some evaluation points for global criminal economy?
Difficult to empirically prove that transnational crime is occurring because it is so secretive and hard to identify
Statistics may not be a reliable source reflecting the true extent of the issue
Over time society has become aware of globalised crime and laws and enforcements are now in place to protect those at risk suggesting we may be becoming less tolerable to these crimes - global risk consciousness
What is traditional criminology concerned with?
Subject matter is defined by criminal law
No law has been broken- green crime
Situ and Emmons- crime is an unauthorised act or omission that violates law
Official definitions ares shaped by the powerful groups serving their own interests
Who came up with the idea of globalisation, capitalism and crime?
Ian Taylor
What are the ideas of globalisation, capitalism and crime?
Globalisation has led to changes in the pattern and extent of crimes, giving free rein to market forces creating greater inequality rising crime rates
Deregulation means that governments have little control over their economies while state sped Ning on welfare has declined
Marketisation has encouraged people to see themselves as individual consumers under,in in social cohesion leading to relative deprivation
Lack of legitimate job opportunities destroying self respect, driving unemployment which lead to illegitimate jobs
Deregulation of financial markets has created job opportunities for insider trading and the movement of funds to avoid taxation
What are the evaluation points of Ian Taylor?
Doesn’t adequately explain why the changes make people behave in criminal ways
Not everyone who is at each end of the spectrum will commit crime
To say globalisation has caused an increase in crime would not be completely true
Although globalisation may led to an increase in crime, it is often the only way for unemployed to make money to live the lifestyle that society deems us to have
Globalisation may actually be reducing inequality between the rich and poor
Why do left realists support Ian Taylor?
Because their view is that crime is caused by the lack of legitimate sources and relative deprivation which is experienced by the w/c which can then lead to crime
Who came up with the glocal organisation?
Hobbs and Dunningham
What is the glocal organisation?
New forms of organisations have global links, but crime is still rooted in its local context
Crime is locally based with global connections
People need local links to sell drugs however if there is a shortage in availability of drugs from abroad then illegal drug taking wouldn’t survive
Shift from old rigidly hierarchical gang structure it the lose networks of flexible, opportunities, entrepreneurs criminals
What are some evaluation points of glocal organisations?
Not clear whether the patterns observed are new or that older structures have disappeared
It may be that the two have coexisted
Conclusions may not be generalised to other criminal activities elsewhere such as petty theft and burglary which doesn’t require global connections to carry out the crime
Who came up with the global risk society?
Ulrich Beck
What are some of the main ideas of the global risk society?
In today’s modern society we can provide adequate resources for all
But increased productivity and technology have created new manufactured risks
Many of those risks are global instead of local
