globalisation and crime Flashcards
what is the definition of globalisation
the increased global interconnectedness of the world in all aspects of life
what is a green crime
crime against the environment
what are examples of green crime
land pollution
air pollution
deforestation
why is green crime a global crime
globalisation has caused the majority of green crime
what sociologist says most problems in the environment are man made rather than natural disaster
BECK- global risk society
what was becks idea of the “global risk society”
most threats to society are man made not due to natural disaster
- most natural disasters, due to globalisation and improved technology we have resources to reduce harm caused by natural disasters
- globalisation and improved tech has created more unnatural global RISKS to society. e.g. global warming.
- global risk society
who created the primary and secondary green crimes
nigel south
Nigel South- what is a primary green crime
a green crime that has resulted directly from the destruction of earth resources
e.g. deforestation
air pollution
water pollution
animal crime
what is a secondary crime and what sociologists created primary and secondary green crimes
Nigel south
secondary green crime- crimes created due to ignorance of environmental laws.
give an example of secondary green crime
corporations saving money by disposing toxic waste illegally, because it is expensive to have it disposed properly.
e.g. Somalia 2004, barrels of radioactive waste directly into the sea.
what is the anthropocentric view of green crime
bad view that economic growth is more important to society than environmental health
what is the ecocentric view
humans and environment are interdependent.
what hurts the environment hurts humans too.
therefore we should protect it
how has globalisation affected crime rates
increased crime rates.
What is disorganised capitalism and why has it increased crime
globalisation has caused big business to operate transnationally to minimise costs and maximise profits
leads to unemployment of people in this country
result to crime so individuals can achieve the lifestyles displayed by media
what is the global supply and demand theory, and why has it caused crime
due to global inequalities and expectations promoted by global media
people want to emigrate to the developed western countries where they believe they will live a better life with more opportunities.
immigration laws are more strict
CREATED A HUMAN TRAFFICKING MARKET- where people are smuggled illegally
smugglers are in debt to gangs, therefore force victims to work as slaves
what is a supply and demand crime
human trafficking
slavery
prostitution
what is growing individualisation and why has it increased crime
late modernity- people all over the world cant rely on the state for good living conditions and wellbeing and employment
result to crime to try and look after themself
what are the two main forms of GLOBAL CRIMINAL NETWORK
The mafia
newer crime groups
give information on the mafia
diffferent mafias in all countries. e.g. japanese mafia, italian mafia.
commit crimes such as - arson, trafficking, gambling
high security, economic power, money spread through online banking all over the world
The two global criminal networks are the mafia and the new organised crime groups.
what is a new organised crime group
similar to mafia, transnational crime.
Only emerged due to globalisation
give some examples of different mafia groups
japanese mafia
chinese mafia
italian mafia
american mafia
what are new crimes which have arised from globalisation
international drugs trade
cyber crime
human trafficking
how has globalisation changed society
better technology
cheap easy travel
global banking, access to banks all over the globe
VPN- use online services for different countries
increased online security, encrypted communication
awareness of other cultures
how is the international drugs trade a product of globalisation
interconnectedness of different countries to help the drug trade
trade between colombia, america, mexico, UK, spain. Occurs in every country.
globalisation made this happen due to improved tech, communication and travel
what is the estimates worth of the international drug trade
300 billion
what is cyber crime
crime with help of online communication and technology
examples of cyber crime
child porn
terrorist websites
identity theft
what is human trafficking
illegal smuggling of humans
- can be smuggled and used for slavery and prostitution, illegal use of organs
usually to make money to pay debts
how many people are a victim of slavery in britain
13000 people are victim to slavery in britain
why is it difficult to measure global green crime
hard to measure
no accurate way in which global crime can be estimated
dispute over what is a green crime - e.g. is littering a green crime.
corporations and government have high economic power, so when they comimited green crime it is hard to prosecute against them
different countries have different environmental laws,
research usually taken from case studies, case studies have a limited use in explaining green crime
two ways globalisation increases crime
easier travel across borders- human trafficking market
improved internet and global communication, causes cyber crime such as identity theft
businesses are moving jobs to other countries to minimise costs, therefore people are losing jobs and resulting to crime due to relative deprivation (LEFT REALIST)
what is green criminology
argue we should study environmental harm whether or not it has broken a legislation.
laws against environmental harm arent well developed, meaning that it sometimes is legal for companies or people to harm the environment. therefore green crime is of interest to green criminologists
green crime is more widespread and and do more harm than street crime
ecocentric approach- environmental centred.
criticises traditional criminology as it is too anthropocentric (human centred)
what is traditional criminology
argues that green crime should be defined in a narrow sense.
Green crime is ANY ACTION that breaches environmental laws.
why are green crimes not prosecuted as much
law making- government make laws against environmental crime.
They can alter laws so big businesses aren’t affected
how do different views of green crime mean that there are less prosecutions
green crime doesnt carry the same stigma of regular crime.
therefore even though laws exist, they arent enforced as strictly.
eg. waste crime was the biggest crime in england in 2011, but only a small fine was given out.
