Globalisation and crime

Question 1

What is globalisation?

Answer 1

• the increasing interconnectedness of societies

Question 2

Causes of globalisation

Answer 2

• technology
• the internet
• increased travel opportunities
• deregulation of markets
• we have become a more modern society due to barrier being broken down — can lead to things like smuggling, illegal immigration, sex trafficking, identity theft

Question 4

Castells (1998 )

Answer 4

• argues that there is now a global criminal economy worth millionaires and it can take place in a number of forms such as:
  -smuggling illegal goods - in January 2023 over 220 persons were arrested for smuggling into the UK
  
  • trafficking human parts - refugees, asylum seekers are common victims — kidneys cost 67,000
  • drug smuggling
  • green crimes
  • human trafficking - 74% are mainly women and the highest age group is 19-17 and 30 -38

Question 5

Globalisation and drug crime (ian taylor)

Answer 5

• says globalisation has given free rein to market forces and claims that thus creates greater inequalities from both sides of the spectrum which are: insecurity and inequality for the poor (blue collar crime) and criminal opportunities for elite groups (white collar crime)
  
  • blue collar crime happens because the poor are paid very little or have lack of employment opportunities so they turn to crime to lessen the inequality whereas white collar crime happens because of a lack of regulations in big companies — leads to exploitation of workers, tax evasion, employing the poor

Question 6

Further support for taylors ideas

Answer 6

Strain theory - merton
- idea that deviance occurs when individuals find that they cannot achieve ‘success’ — leads people to turn to crime
- this leads to globalisation because it has given way to more free rein in the market industry and unregulated work forces

Status frustrations- cohen
- idea that deviance is an individual response to strain — cultural deprivation = w/c do not have means to achieve, status frustration = cannot adjust to low status so reject m/c values
- can least to development of alternative status hierarchy so they have opposite values to mainstream society
- leads to globalisation because they turn to crime to lessen the inequality that capitalism offers

Question 7

Globalisation and drug crime (hobbs and dunningham)

Answer 7

the drug trade has been made easier through travel, migration and technology which has caused interconnectedness -leads to as a ‘glocal’ system where the drug trade comes from global sources but still needs local contacts
- local contact supply the drugs to people and since they have possession of the drug then they are the ones that are going to get punished
the main business owner now has someone to take the blame for them

however drug trade/trafficking can lead to illegal smuggling, money laundering, addiction

Question 8

Evaluation of globalisation and drug crime

Answer 8

• global crime has created many issues of further inequality and exploitation for people from developing countries
  - anyone trafficked into the sex industry or any drug mules are caught and sent to jail but they are not to blame

global trade of illegal item creates opportunity to reduce strain and economic deprivation for some as there is more money to be made when growing drugs

global crime is a problem for governments and companies — takes alot of resources and co-ordinations to combat global crime