Globalisation Flashcards
define globalisation
globalisation is a process that involves interconnected changes in the economic, social, cultural and political spheres
what are some problems with defining globalisation?
- it’s not always positive, can be negative and exclude people
- it doesn’t always happen everywhere at an even pace, it occurs at different rates in different places
- may assume that it results in cultural homogenisation, but it can result in people defending themselves against social change
- may assume that it is only economic, political or cultural, but it impacts different areas of social life in many different ways
- assumes that globalisation all results in social change towards individualism and choice, but it brings together people spread across the world with similar cultural characteristics to protect their culture
what is the global village and who created this term?
MCLUHAN
As time and distance shrink, the world becomes a much smaller place
what is a virtual community?
a virtual community is a social network of individuals who create an online community, which may or may not reflect their offline lives
how does social media relate to globalisation?
social media is used by many globally to interact or communicate
how are social networks used in employment?
- social networks are very significant in employment - no access to these equals a disadvantage
- access to information creates social networks, which lead to greater employability
- relationships at a global level lead to material rewards and social capital
- example: linkedin
what was the digital revolution?
- the digital revolution was massive technological advances that transformed lives
- all new forms of communication are created by computer technology
- these new forms are known as new media
what are virtual communities?
- a virtual community is a social network of individuals who create an online community, which may or may not reflect their offline lives
- they are becoming increasingly complex and realistic
- people can share their interests, and create and transform their identities
- they come in many forms, such as chat rooms
explain how DC can be used as surveillance (m)
- private companies gather information on peoples social media use, consumer habits and breadcrumbs
- this means internet movements are monitored without peoples knowledge
- CORNFORD AND ROBBINS say DC is simply a way of capitalism, with capitalism subtly controlling through the use of various social media under the excuse of protection from criminal acts
- these forms of surveillance aren’t known by the consumer, such as Facebook
explain the deregulation of the media and DC (m)
- lack of regulation as DC is mediated by private companies, so there are few laws watching it’s moral responsibilities
- growing concerns about lack of social control over what occurs as a result of DC
- little financial encouragement for protecting vulnerable groups, so little is done to prevent their exploitation
- GARSIDE says adults spend more time on media than asleep
give some evaluations of the marxist view
- very negative, there are benefits, such as keeping people connected
- freedom of speech exists, such as blogs, websites, protests
- lower classes have their own voice, e.g through social media
- feminists say there is too much focus on social class inequality
how does globalisation affect exploitation? (f)
- it gives criminals new opportunities to exploit already vulnerable groups, such as women and children
- as men largely control governments worldwide, passing legislation to protect vulnerable groups has not been prioritised
- the internet makes it easier to organise things in an unregulated digital world
- global sexual exploitation that comes with globalisation is a human rights disaster
what did ARLACCKI say about exploitation? (f)
he says that exploitation is an undesirable consequence of globalisation, and it seems that this is not considered a priority by any country
explain the fourth wave of feminism(f)
- emerged between 2000/10, and is important as it used technology as a method for communicating and sharing ideas and plans
- it argues that globalisation leads to many different gender identities being created and reduces the problem of women being treated in a certain way because of their gender
what did COCHRANE say? (f)
- new forms of digital global communication are used as tools to allow women to build a strong, reactive movement online
- this is evidenced at all ages: girl guides campaigning and activism badge, mums net survey found 59% consider themselves feminists
what did IKAMARA CARASI do? (f)
started a campaign to address racist/sexist stereotypes in music videos, which led to some students banning blurred lines on campus
what did BATES AND CHEMALY do? (f)
they were among those who set up a campaign against misogynistic pages on Facebook which convinced some social media owners to change their moderation policies
explain feminist theories about DC (f)
- they criticise the digital world and how it keeps a patriarchal, hegemonic society, focusing on the exclusion of women from the history of technology
- they aim to overturn ideas that suggest men are the creators of the internet
what is the cyborg manifesto and who created it? (f)
- HARRAWAY’S manifesto says women must not be excluded from technological advances, they should instead be part of them
- what is considered to be female is socially constructed; cyborgs can allow people to rise above gender bound ideas - so technological advances offer the possibility to create new forms of identity not bound by the patriarchy
- among the first feminists to consider technology as a way for women to be empowered
how are women and children exploited? (f)
- new forms of DC allow for reproduction of the patriarchy and offer a new way to exploit
- sexual exploitation of women happens over the internet so easily due to little regulation
- 2012/13, there were 18,887 reports relating to CSE, and 192 suspected were arrested
- negative impacts on women include: abuse, sexualised violent imagery seen as less serious, seen as objects without feelings
- revenge porn provides a new form of social control which reflects the patriarchy
- few men are ever detected
how can you criticise feminism? (f)
- focus too much on gender, ignore other inequalities
- at times, too pessimistic
- ignore online exploitation of men
how does identity link to DC? (pm)
- identity is created through technological advances
- the way people use social networks reveals how people see themselves and how others see them
what does COLLINS say about DC? (pm)
- to understand society we must understand the chains of interaction between people
- by looking at social networks using a micro approach, this helps us to learn how people see the world around them
- we must consider the differences in people’s on and offline lives, e.g. catfish shows how relationships can be formed online with people who are completely different offline
how do postmodernists believe Facebook is used? (pm)
BJORKLUND: people used autobiographies to describe lives for ages, but in a postmodernist world, DC’S allow people to manipulate/update their online autobiography
HART: people write/rewrite autobiographies daily, reflecting their own values of society
-identies are created on and offline, and people can find likeminded friends on social networks
CASE: DC is a challenge to adolescents, as they have 2 lives growing up
-new social media makes it hard to remove mistakes and people don’t realise how much is stored online
HART: Facebook posts are insignificant and superficial, but we can use events on Facebook to understand peoples feelings and actions in a social context
