globalisation

Question 1

consumer patterns: environmental impact

Answer 1

• global meet production x4, 308 million tonnes
• high water usage
• feed grains, antibiotics, land for grazing
• 1billion cars worldwide
• 270mil tonnes of plastic produced = ends up in landfill and oceans

Question 2

bristol pound

economic costs

Answer 2

consumers miss out on price benefits of competition

local food = more expensive

Question 3

bristol pound

economic benefits

Answer 3

money circulates locally, benefits independent businesses
local multiplier effect
80% would leave area immediately
local farmers receive higher income

Question 4

bristol pound

social costs

Answer 4

excludes outsiders

unrealistic for supporting large population

Question 5

bristol pound

social benefits

Answer 5

stronger bonds locally
know where goods are coming from
increases social capital = everyone benefits

Question 6

bristol pound

environmental costs

Answer 6

global trade = good produced in most resource-efficient location
costs of transport do not always outweigh gains

Question 7

bristol pound

environmental benefits

Answer 7

reduces dependence on international trade

decreases emissions through reduced transportation costs

Question 8

transition town

Answer 8

community project that builds resilience in response to issues with oil, climate change, economic instability - by creating local groups.
to raise awareness of sustainable living.

Question 9

transition town: cons

Answer 9

missing out on globalisation
not very inclusive
products may not be produced in most environmentally/resource efficient way

Question 10

fifteen cornwall

Answer 10

eden project 
rainforest biome 
harvest coffee beans
not very tasty 
doesn't have to be shipped 
eco-friendly, efficient use of resources 
no air miles
won't sell much as not good quality

Question 11

Nespresso pods

Answer 11

south Sudan
pods = aluminium casing, 90% recyclable
unused boiled water in machine, turned on for long time

Question 12

Starbucks

Answer 12

fair trade 
medical clinics and toilet blocks at school
helps farmers 
not efficient use of cups 
5p charge when you use normal coffee cup

Question 13

PactCoffee

Answer 13

not fair trade
pay farmers more for HQ coffee beans
go back to same farmers, farmers are promised good wages
coffee posted to all consumers
increasing equality
coffee for the rich, farmers are paid well

Question 14

Grundon

Answer 14

carbon neutral
private business
operate at Heathrow - biggest waste producer
food waste collection services - produces renewable energy
cardboard waste effectively dealt with

Question 15

circular economy

Answer 15

shifting costs of production / waste onto manufacturers, have to find a way to maximise profits by reusing components

Question 16

jebel ali

Answer 16

middle east's first big 'free zone'
$1billion planned for development 
own judicial system 
US Navy 5th fleet 
glocalisation 
not as dependent on oil anymore, connections with global nations and introducing 5% tax 
citizenship is hard to obtain, 85% of population expats 
income: tourism and primary sector 
1,225 companies 
oil and gas - 40% of GDP

Question 17

international monetary fund

Answer 17

help gov. balance payments

grants loans to member countries who can’t pay debt

Question 18

international bank for reconstruction and development

Answer 18

aim was to provide loans to help rebuild economies after WW2, no poverty
aim to reduce % of people living on less than US$1.25 a day to no more than 3% of world’s population
reduce inequalities
encourages income growth for bottom 40% of every country

Question 19

british airways

Answer 19

inorganic FDI
bought Vueling = job losses
plans to offshore many IT jobs to India TATA = 800 job losses across UK
cheap labour

Question 20

A&F

Answer 20

based in Ohio, opened in UAE
offshore manufacturing to low-wage countries - Vietnam, China, India, Guatemala
goods produced and sold within same trade bloc - reduces tariffs
sales grew 85% overseas
went from 1 to 40 stores abroad

Question 21

Mali

Answer 21

switched off
Al-Qaeda
government overthrown - political corruption
Gold mining - 2nd main export, exploited by French when they colonised Mali
North = desert, South = population pressure fertile land
can farm cotton for profit, or food for survival
can’t compete on global scale
telegraph band width low, not connected
no infrastructure because low potential for market growth
food shortages = extremism
cycle, land locked, bad neighbours
64% of population live below poverty line
arid, desertification
landlocked countries rely on agreements with other nations
don’t have a lot to trade, narrow
not part of trade bloc

Question 22

Chad

Answer 22

99% of csh earmarked by gov. for spending on health, didn’t reach hospitals, was spent on military instead

Question 23

Scunthorpe

Answer 23

900 jobs lost
poverty
worried about becoming ghost town
90% decline in iron/steel industry
rebuild UK factors costs more, relocate instead - China
extra fines placed if pollution is high, EU companies offshore factories to low-wage countries to avoid paying carbon tax
lower wages and safety standards in Asia, cheaper = more profit
low-income groups can’t leave deindustrialised area

Question 24

Paralympics and Invictors games

Answer 24

London = most successful, 2.8million tickets sold
same sports as normal olympics
mostly for rich nations to compete, as they can afford the technology and prosthetics
40% of athletes are from 9 nations (Paralympics)
opportunity, equality
took long time to be recognised, compared to Olympics

Question 25

Sarawak

Answer 25

overexploitation, logging
mining and drilling - orangutans
conversion of forest to farmland for palm oil agribusiness
HEP damns disturb natural land
TNCs in control, powerful influence
tourism - start to speak English, lose traditional dialect
land degradation
loss of culture - loss of sense of value for ecosystem
economic growth is primary goal
cultural dilution
hyperglobalisation

Question 26

germany

Answer 26

1.1 million refugees from Syria
allocated to different regions to avoid tension and enclaves
sexual assault, women and elders buying weapons
out of control
language classes to allow refugees to integrate, culture, more accepted by Germans
criminal behaviour of minority affected majority
Nazi history, atone for this
Germany - declining population, good to take in, ageing
13,000+ right wing extremist crimes
online agression
middle-class men worried about cultural alienation