globalisation Flashcards
consumer patterns: environmental impact
- global meet production x4, 308 million tonnes
- high water usage
- feed grains, antibiotics, land for grazing
- 1billion cars worldwide
- 270mil tonnes of plastic produced = ends up in landfill and oceans
bristol pound
economic costs
consumers miss out on price benefits of competition
local food = more expensive
bristol pound
economic benefits
money circulates locally, benefits independent businesses
local multiplier effect
80% would leave area immediately
local farmers receive higher income
bristol pound
social costs
excludes outsiders
unrealistic for supporting large population
bristol pound
social benefits
stronger bonds locally
know where goods are coming from
increases social capital = everyone benefits
bristol pound
environmental costs
global trade = good produced in most resource-efficient location
costs of transport do not always outweigh gains
bristol pound
environmental benefits
reduces dependence on international trade
decreases emissions through reduced transportation costs
transition town
community project that builds resilience in response to issues with oil, climate change, economic instability - by creating local groups.
to raise awareness of sustainable living.
transition town: cons
missing out on globalisation
not very inclusive
products may not be produced in most environmentally/resource efficient way
fifteen cornwall
eden project rainforest biome harvest coffee beans not very tasty doesn't have to be shipped eco-friendly, efficient use of resources no air miles won't sell much as not good quality
Nespresso pods
south Sudan
pods = aluminium casing, 90% recyclable
unused boiled water in machine, turned on for long time
Starbucks
fair trade medical clinics and toilet blocks at school helps farmers not efficient use of cups 5p charge when you use normal coffee cup
PactCoffee
not fair trade
pay farmers more for HQ coffee beans
go back to same farmers, farmers are promised good wages
coffee posted to all consumers
increasing equality
coffee for the rich, farmers are paid well
Grundon
carbon neutral
private business
operate at Heathrow - biggest waste producer
food waste collection services - produces renewable energy
cardboard waste effectively dealt with
circular economy
shifting costs of production / waste onto manufacturers, have to find a way to maximise profits by reusing components
jebel ali
middle east's first big 'free zone' $1billion planned for development own judicial system US Navy 5th fleet glocalisation not as dependent on oil anymore, connections with global nations and introducing 5% tax citizenship is hard to obtain, 85% of population expats income: tourism and primary sector 1,225 companies oil and gas - 40% of GDP
international monetary fund
help gov. balance payments
grants loans to member countries who can’t pay debt
international bank for reconstruction and development
aim was to provide loans to help rebuild economies after WW2, no poverty
aim to reduce % of people living on less than US$1.25 a day to no more than 3% of world’s population
reduce inequalities
encourages income growth for bottom 40% of every country
british airways
inorganic FDI
bought Vueling = job losses
plans to offshore many IT jobs to India TATA = 800 job losses across UK
cheap labour
A&F
based in Ohio, opened in UAE
offshore manufacturing to low-wage countries - Vietnam, China, India, Guatemala
goods produced and sold within same trade bloc - reduces tariffs
sales grew 85% overseas
went from 1 to 40 stores abroad
Mali
switched off
Al-Qaeda
government overthrown - political corruption
Gold mining - 2nd main export, exploited by French when they colonised Mali
North = desert, South = population pressure fertile land
can farm cotton for profit, or food for survival
can’t compete on global scale
telegraph band width low, not connected
no infrastructure because low potential for market growth
food shortages = extremism
cycle, land locked, bad neighbours
64% of population live below poverty line
arid, desertification
landlocked countries rely on agreements with other nations
don’t have a lot to trade, narrow
not part of trade bloc
Chad
99% of csh earmarked by gov. for spending on health, didn’t reach hospitals, was spent on military instead
Scunthorpe
900 jobs lost
poverty
worried about becoming ghost town
90% decline in iron/steel industry
rebuild UK factors costs more, relocate instead - China
extra fines placed if pollution is high, EU companies offshore factories to low-wage countries to avoid paying carbon tax
lower wages and safety standards in Asia, cheaper = more profit
low-income groups can’t leave deindustrialised area
Paralympics and Invictors games
London = most successful, 2.8million tickets sold
same sports as normal olympics
mostly for rich nations to compete, as they can afford the technology and prosthetics
40% of athletes are from 9 nations (Paralympics)
opportunity, equality
took long time to be recognised, compared to Olympics
