Globalisation - 3.1 Flashcards
What is globalisation?
A process of global integration of economies, politics, products, ideas and other aspects of culture
How are global connections lengthening?
There are new links between places that are greater distances apart
How are global connections faster?
Faster speed of connections with people. You are able to to talk to one another in real time or travelling quickly between continents using jet air craft
How are global connections deepening?
More peoples lives can connect with far away places eg. purchasing commodities/cheaper travel. It’s not just the rich who ‘live globally’
Is globalisation good?
- Free markets have spread so there’s no taxes/tariffs on selling goods
- New e and i services are available like facebook and iTunes so culture can spread easily and migrants still have an element of home
Is globalisation bad?
- 1 million people a year left Europe after 1990 so a ‘brain drain’ happens as the educated workforce is leaving and they could migrate to an over-populated place
- TNCs are more powerful than national governments meaning there a lack of money circulation so hard to develop areas that need the money down get it
Examples of global flow - economic
Trade of bananas from the Caribbean to the UK occurs due to containerisation and transport development
Examples of global flow - social
Maintenance of social relationships through the use of technology helps support migration. In 2003 Skype provided a cheap and powerful link with family
Examples of global flow - Cultural
Music, language adopted, imitated and hybridised faster than before. In 2012, the South Korean PSY had over 1.8 billion views for Gangnam Style
Examples of global flow - Political
Social networks are used to raise awareness on political issue and fight for global change eg BLM movement
Examples of global flow - environmental
Since globalisation sea/air pollution has increased with addition in air travel and movement of waste
Important innovations in transport and trade - steam power
Britain was a leading power in 1800s with steam technology. They moved good and armies along trade routes into Africa and Asia
Important innovations in transport and trade - railways
In the 1800s rail networks expanded globally. In 1904 the 9000km Trans-Siberian railway connected Moscow with China and Japan. And today the HS2 railway is being built
Important innovations in transport and trade - phone and telegraph
First telegraph cables across the Atlantic were put in in the 1800s replacing a week long boat journey. Africa is skipping this and ‘leap frogging’ to mobile phone lines
Important innovations in transport and trade - jet aircraft
The arrival of the intercontinental Boeing 747 made travel faster and more common
What is the time-space compression?
As the world becomes more connected, our perception of time, distance and potential barriers to the immigration of people, goods, money and information has changed
What is the shrinking world theory?
As travel times are reduced due to new inventions, places approach each other in the space-time and they start to feel closer together
What is containerisation?
It’s a system of standardised transport. Eg. ‘The Globe’ is a container ship that’s 72 miles long (the distance from Birmingham to Manchester), can contain 19,100 containers and is 75m tall
EasyJet CS
When a place is added to the easy jet network, it becomes more popular, this can be seen in Tallin, Estonia in 2004 when they started flying there for £40 each. The city became an affordable destination for uK citizens like for stag and hen parties.
Benefits: easier to travel and go on holiday
Costs: Flight attendants are not fairly paid, the plane isn’t always clean and there is limited seating space
EasyJet 2009 - around 300 routes within the EU and several that extended beyond Egypt, Morocco, Turkey and Israel
EasyJet 2014 - 200 aeroplanes (Airbus and Boeing) carrying 65 million with revenues of £4 billion
Global networks - distribution of computers and internet users
Computers and internet users are concentrated in the UK, USA and Australia. <10% of the African population is connected to the internet whereas >80% of the USA’s population is connected to the internet
Global networks - access to electricity and light
Switched on nations: USA, UK, France, Spain and Italy
Switched off nations: Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Madagascar
Global networks - access to twitter
Linked to development - internet access and social interaction.
Switched on: UK and USA
Switched off: Russia, Iceland
