Globalisation Flashcards
What is globalisation?
- The process where more global flows are being created; the world is more interconnected
What are global flows? Give an example of a tangible and non tangible flow
Connections between countries, can be tangible or non tangible e.g. UK importing gas from Norway (tangible) or listening to American music (non tangible)
Give examples of socio-cultural globalisation
Music, films, memes, sports, attitudes, values, religion etc.
Give examples of environmental globalisation
Targets for climate change, organisations working together on issues such as climate change, countries working together to help endangered species etc.
Give examples of political globalisation
Intergovernmental decisions, war, conflict, foreign aid, trade deals, political ideologies etc.
Give examples of economic globalisation
Imports and exports, aid and loans, charity donations, brands and logos, TNCs, tourism etc.
Is globalisation the same in every country?
No, types and levels of globalisation vary significantly between countries, some flows increase over time whereas others decrease, overall the world is a more globalised place than the past.
Describe all the steps for chi-squared
- For groups of data, not just two
- Will find a relationship, not a correlation
- Create a resource - a compound bar chart or similar
- Develop a bill hypothesis
- The data we have is our observed data (O). We need to calculate our expected data (E) for each box. For each box, we calculate by doing row x column/grand total. Do this for each combination of data
- Use this equation (O-E)^2/E for each data set
- Add up all of the results
- Compare this to critical value table - (row - 1) x (column - 1). The answer to this is the degrees of freedom you need to use and then use 0.05 confidence
- If lower than critical value - accept null hypothesis
- If higher than critical value - reject null hypothesis
Give an example of social globalisation causing economic globalisation
- Starbucks, a foreign company, brings coffee culture to the UK
- People buy more coffee, more Starbucks open, more global trade
Give an example of economic globalisation causing economic globalisation
- more global jobs lead to better pay, people can afford Starbucks prices, more stores open, leading to coffee culture in the UK.
Why does travel increase globalisation. State 5 points
- Plane travel is more efficient due to technology. More places have airports and you can fly around the world in less than a day at. Planes can also carry nearly 1000 passengers
- Plane travel is more affordable due to budget airline (planes cost 1/4 of what they did in the 80s) EasyJet have contributed to the growth in tourism in Estonia, they now get 2m visitors a year
- More global road networks and car ownership. The E40 motorway starts in Calais, France and goes through 7 countries to Kazakhstan. It’s 8000km long.
- Ships are bigger and more efficient, making trading easier. MSC Irina is the biggest in the world and carry 24000 containers. More British businesses can afford to import, opening up trade to NEEs and LICSs
- Trains are more connected and faster. The Eurotunnel connects the UK with mainland Europe and it has both a drive on or passenger option. People might open up businesses in other countries.
Why does the development of finance networks accelerate globalisation?
- Stock markets around the world have grown. People from anywhere can buy a share in companies
- Many countries have their own lists (e.g. UK has FTSE100h) but they are interconnected
- Currency levels are connected e.g the value of the pound vs the euro
- Countries work together more often to arrange trade deals and blocs
- UN helps with economics, such as medication (WHO)
Why has the development of security connections accelerated globalisation?
- Now more aware of global issues and that working together is often more effective at solving the problem
- Interpol are a global police force, they share info on criminals who may be operating across borders e.g. drug smuggling
- Many countries have extradition agreements - if a criminal flees the country where they committed the crime, they can be sent back.
- Countries work together for border control e.g. passport details and visa requirements
- UN Security Council makes global decisions.
Why has the development of management and IT accelerated globalisation?
- Due to technology, many companies can use global networks for their businesses. Outsourcing to different countries can be cheaper
- This includes call centres and customer support, e-waste disposal and online services e.g. website design, tutoring
Why has the growth of income and TNCs accelerated globalisation?
- Income levels are growing, especially in MICs such as China and India.
- Led to more global TNCs setting up in more places due to access to these emerging markets, this creates more capital flows
- A growth in TNCs from MICs who are beginning to make way in Europe and North America
- Begins to merge branding and culture e.g. Apple and Mcdonald’s
- Higher income levels means more opportunity to travel, more global communication technology (phones,internet) owned.
